Trade margin
The combined wholesale and retail trade margins, including taxes collected by wholesalers and retailers. For further explanation, see “wholesale margin” and “retail margin.” (BEA)
Trade Flow
The flow of goods & services between or within counties, or user-defined study areas within the U.S.
Total requirements tables
Three I-O tables showing the output required to meet a given level of final use. The three tables are the commodity-by-commodity total requirements table, the industry-by-commodity total requirements table, and the industry-by-industry total requirements table. All three tables are calculated from the supplementary make and use tables. (See also “Output multipliers”) (BEA)
Total requirements coefficients
I-O coefficients that estimate overall production required to produce a dollar of output. These coefficients (expressed as per dollar of output delivered to final demand) reflect (a) the initial final demand for the output of a given industry or commodity, and (b) both direct and indirect requirements resulting from the initial demand. (BEA)
Taxes on Production & Imports less Subsidies (TOPI)
Taxes on Production & Imports less Subsidies (TOPI) is one of the four components of Value Added. It includes sales and excise taxes, customs duties, property taxes, motor vehicle licenses, severance taxes, other taxes, and special assessments.
Because TOPI is net of subsidies, it can be negative for a given Industry in a given year if that industry received more subsidies from the government than it paid out in these specific taxes in that year.
I-O models by default treat TOPI as a leakage, meaning that any TOPI generated as part of an analysis will not generate any additional effects.
Note: TOPI does not include all taxes paid by an industry. For example, social insurance taxes are a part of Employee Compensation, and profits taxes are part of Other Property Income.
System of National Accounts (SNA)
An international set of guidelines for a system of economic accounts. The SNA organizes information about the flows and stocks that represent an economy within a comprehensive, integrated framework. The 1993 SNA was published by the Inter-Secretariat Working Group for the National Accounts (Commission for the European Communities, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations, and World Bank). The next update of the SNA is scheduled for 2008. (BEA)
Supplements to wages and salaries
Employer contributions for social insurance funds and for other labor income. Supplements are a part of the value-added component “compensation.” (BEA)
Survey of Current Business (SCB)
BEA’s monthly journal. (BEA)
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
System for grouping economic activities using the operating establishment as the basic production unit. The SIC system assigns each establishment an industry code on the basis of its primary activity, which is the establishment\’s principal product or group of products produced or distributed or services rendered. Beginning with the 1997 benchmark, the SIC was replaced by NAICS as the basis for I-O industry and commodity classification. (BEA)
Spending Pattern Events
Spending Pattern Events are most appropriate to use when an analyst has the data required to build a customized spending pattern which reflects specific purchases by an industry or when the ratios in an industry’s output equation must be modified to a degree beyond that which is achievable by simply customizing an Industry Event. Spending Patterns include all Intermediate Expenditures for a given Industry.
IMPLAN
Economic input output
modeling application, data,
and solutions.
