IMPLAN Databases

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Databases are available for the U.S., all 51 states (includes Washington, D.C.), 5 US Island area territories, and all 3,000+ counties in the United States. 30,000+ zip code level files are available. We also have a number of international data sets. You can view information on data selection on our website.

All IMPLAN datasets come in .ODF format and include a set of national I-O matrices and tables that allow the software to create a complete set of regional social accounts. Each U.S. data file – whether you are working at the zip code, territory, state, or national level – includes economic and demographic variables at a 536* industry/commodity sector level (defined by NAICS). Data variables include employment, income, taxes, and transactions by governments and households.

IMPLAN databases are constructed exclusively by IMPLAN Group LLC. IMPLAN has U.S. data available from 1996 forward. For trade flow estimate, we provide a National Trade Model for 2007 data sets and newer for US states and counties. Previous data years, US territories, and zip code files require use of the Econometric RPC trade flows method. National models (US and foreign countries) have foreign imports and exports pre-defined as part of the data base.

Additionally, all IMPLAN data sets include the software and data to build complete Regional SAM Multipliers. The software also provides a framework to easily perform impact analysis and creates reports for analyses and virtually all data elements.

For 2007 and later data, Trade Flow data are included with your annual database (in the Version 3.0 system only). The Trade Flow data available for county level and higher data sets provides all the tools necessary to build Multi-Regional I-O (MRIO) models, whether you are looking at flows between counties, between states, or between aggregated model regions. Currently, the MRIO functionality is only available in IMPLAN Pro. 

 

*Number of sectors depends on the data year. For US files 2013 (and later), data sets are 536 sector; 2007-2012 are 440 sector; 2001-2006 are 509 sector and 1996-2000 are 528 sector.

Special Sector Definitions

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Certain IMPLAN Sectors require additional explanation, either because they are not NAICS based or they have special properties. Below are the special Sector descriptions (sector numbers are based on the 536 sector scheme for 2013 and later IMPLAN data sets)1.

SECTORS 52-64: CONSTRUCTION

IMPLAN construction Sectors are classified by structure type (Census definitions) rather than NAICs codes. For this reason, Sector searches for construction will not pull up corresponding IMPLAN Sectors. Thus, when working with Construction Sectors, the Construction Codes for 536 Sectors spreadsheet on the IMPLAN website can be helpful.

SECTOR 441: OWNER-OCCUPIED DWELLINGS

IMPLAN Sectors 1-517 are private Sectors that directly correspond to the NAICS codes, with the exception of construction (see above) and Sector 441- Imputed rental activity for owner-occupied dwellings. This Sector estimates what owner/occupants would pay in rent if they rented rather than owned their homes. This Sector creates an industry out of owning a home, and its production function represents repair and maintenance of that home. The Sector’s sole product (Output) is ownership and is purchased entirely by personal consumption expenditures (i.e., the household Sector).

There is no Employment or Employee Compensation for this industry. Taxes on production for this Sector are largely made up of property taxes paid by the homeowner, while Other Property Income is the difference between the rental value of the home and the costs of home ownership. Interest payments and mortgage payments are a transfer in the SAM and are not part of the production function for this Sector.

Sector 441 is included in the database to insure consistency in the flow of funds. It captures the expenses of home ownership such as repair and maintenance construction, various closing costs, and other expenditures related to the upkeep of the space in the same way expenses are captured for rental properties.

SECTOR 517: PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS

While not a true special Sector, there are often many questions regarding what Sector 517 produces. This sector covers live-in household staff: maids, butlers, chauffeurs, etc. If there is ever any question about what is covered by any of the “non-special” sectors, the user can use the sector definitions found in the Sector Search feature located in the Help menu of the desktop software (IMPLAN Pro) or within the event window in IMPLAN Online. Sort by clicking the the “NAICS Code” field header and scroll down to the IMPLAN sector of interest.

SECTORS 518-526: GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES

IMPLAN Sectors 518-526 represent government agencies that cover a substantial portion of their operating costs by selling goods and services to the public. They operate much like private sector firms, hiring labor and purchasing other inputs to produce goods that are sold through markets. Other Federal\State\Local government enterprises (i.e., those other than postal, electric utility, and transportation services) include things such as government owned and operated liquor stores, airports, sewer and sanitation services, gas, and water supply2. This differs from Administrative Government sectors (components of consumption – i.e., final demand), because administrative do not respond to local market demands.

SECTORS 527-530: COMMODITY ONLY SECTORS

IMPLAN Sectors 527-530 are commodities not produced intentionally by any US industry:

  • Scrap consists of commodities that are cast off as part of a production process and then resold. Examples include sales of used aluminum cans to recyclers and sales of scrapped vehicles to metal recyclers.
  • Used and secondhand goods are goods that are traded but were not produced during the current year. While used goods are not part of the current-period gross output of the economy, they are part of the supply available for consumption. They come from capital, government institutions, and households.
  • Rest of world adjustment  “The rest-of-the-world adjustment to final uses consists of values for exports and imports that have offsetting adjustments to personal consumption expenditures (PCE) and government… This adjustment is required in order to conform the commodity treatment of the I-O use table to the expenditure concepts used for final uses in the NIPAs. This is accomplished by making offsetting adjustments between PCE and gross exports and between Federal Government nondefense purchases and exports and imports…For example, foreigners traveling in the United States consume goods and services, such as accommodations, that are included in the source data for PCE. In order to put the PCE estimate on a NIPA basis, an adjustment is made to account for these purchases.”3
  • Non-comparable foreign imports are goods that are not available anywhere in the nation. They consist of three types of services: (1) services that are produced and consumed abroad, such as airport expenditures by U.S. airlines in foreign countries; (2) service imports that are unique, such as payments for the rights to patents, copyrights, or industrial processes; and (3) service imports that cannot be identified by type, such as payments by U.S. companies to their foreign affiliates for an undefined basket of services.

SECTORS 531-536: ADMINISTRATIVE PAYROLL SECTORS

Administrative government activities (e.g., legislatures, police protection) are not subject to local market forces (i.e., not driven by local demand); as such, they are held exogenous to the multiplier model.

IMPLAN Sectors 531-536 represent the payroll/value added of these administrative government Sectors. This is necessary because, while the commodity purchases of these government institutions are already represented in the SAM, there is no payroll commodity; thus, these four Sectors are included as a bookkeeping element to account for these institutions’ payrolls. By definition, these Sectors have no intermediate purchases and thus will not generate indirect effects. For these sectors, Employee Compensation or Employment should be used as Event values; entering the operational value of the government as an Industry Sales value will greatly overestimate the impact. When modeling government programs or budgets, you will need to import the appropriate spending pattern(s) associated to the budget activity. For public education budgets, the private educations Sectors (472-474) can often be used as adequate proxies as an alternative to importing the spending pattern.

NON-SECTORS: GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS

Government Institutions in IMPLAN do not have Sector designations. Instead these spending patterns are found in the Setup Activities screen by selecting Activity Options>Import>Institutions Spending Pattern in IMPLAN Pro or by selecting Import>Institutions Spending Pattern from the Activities page in IMPLAN Online. The following governmental spending patterns are available.

  • Federal Non-Defense: Spending pattern for all other government institutional activities.
  • Federal Defense: Spending pattern for the Department of Defense.
  • Federal Investment: Includes construction, equipment purchases, and other capital outlays. The U.S. total federal investment data comes from NIPA. This data is broken out with two additional data sets: a) the Annual Census of Construction and b) latest BEA BM-IO.
  • State/Local Government Non-Education: Parks & recreation, Health, Hospitals, Police, Judicial and legal, Financial administrative, Highways, Public welfare, Fire protection, Natural resources, Corrections, Libraries, Social insurance.
  • State/Local Education: Elementary and Secondary instruction, Elementary and Secondary non-instruction, Higher Education instruction, Higher Education non-instruction.
  • State/Local Investment: Come from the Census of State & Local Government Finances. These figures are adjusted so that the sum of states = the U.S. NIPA total State/Local Government Investment. The breakout of this figure comes from a) Annual Census of Construction and b) latest BEA BM I-O.

1 The IMPLAN Sectors discussed in this document correspond to IMPLAN’s 536 Sectoring scheme, in place since 2013. A bridge from the older 440 Sectoring scheme to the 536 Sectoring scheme can be found in the downloads section of this website.

2 Post exchanges are a type of store operated at U.S. Army bases by the Army and Air Force Exchange Service. Post exchanges provide merchandise and services to military families and generate income for military programs that provide social services, recreation, sports, and entertainment.

3 Horowitz, Karen and Planting, Mark. Concepts and Methods of the U.S. Input-Output Accounts, United States Bureau of Economic Analysis, April 2009, pp. 7-9 to 7-11.

 

Data Sets Used to Create IMPLAN Employment Data

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IMPLAN employment includes both wage and salary employees and self-employed persons in a region. Full-time, part-time and seasonal workers are measured to create an estimate of annual average jobs.

BLS Covered Employment and Wages (CEW) data, BEA Regional Economic Accounts (REA) data, and County Business Patterns (CBP) data are used in conjunction to create IMPLAN data because no one dataset provides enough information to create a complete IMPLAN database.1 In general, CEW data provide the county level industry structure for IMPLAN, while CBP data are used to make non-disclosure adjustments to CEW data. REA data are used as controls for data not covered by CEW and proprietors.

CENSUS COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS (CBP)

County Business Patterns (CBP) is a program run by the U.S. Department of Census. Employment numbers are a count of employees during the week of March 12. This is a point-in-time estimate and not an annual average.

Data at the 6-digit NAICS level of detail include: total number of establishments, total first quarter employment, first quarter current year and total annual payroll, and a breakdown of the number of firms for 12 different employment size classes. As might be expected with 6-digit level specification, there are significant disclosure problems. However, even when the sector data are non-disclosed, CBP provides the number of firms by employee size class. The CBP also excludes most government employees and farm sectors.

The CBP data give a picture of the industrial structure of a region and are used to adjust the CEW data for non-disclosure. There is a time lag, generally one year, between the current year and the most recent CBP data, but an industrial structure generally changes slowly over time. There are virtually no disclosure problems with the national-level CBP data.

BLS COVERED EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES (CEW)

The CEW dataset is one of the most important datasets used in IMPLAN database development. These data provide the industry structure for the states and counties and the “ground truth” for IMPLAN data. There can be many differences between CBP and CEW, but in the end, if wage and salary employment doesn’t exist in CEW, it won’t exist in IMPLAN data sets. The data are provided by the U.S. Department of Labor as part of the Unemployment Insurance Covered Employment and Wages Program.

The CEW dataset provides annual average wage and salary establishment counts, employment counts, and payrolls by county at the 6-digit NAICS code level. These data are collected from a federal/state partnership program. State employment services departments, as part of the Unemployment Insurance Program, collect the data and pass it to the U.S. Department of Labor. As a result, only establishments that pay Unemployment Insurance are captured, hence the name “Covered Employment”. Since these data only capture covered employees, the data set cannot capture self-employed persons, railway employment, religious organizations, military, elected officials, or any other establishments that have their own social insurance program and/or do not pay into the Unemployment Insurance program. Since most farm employment is self employment, CEW data misses much of the farm data. Farm data is supplemented with REA data.

BEA REGIONAL ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS (REA)

The final set of employment and income information is the Bureau of Economic Analysis’s (BEA) Regional Economic Accounts (REA) data. This dataset is the most inclusive available and provides information on sectors such as agriculture, construction, and railroads not directly available through CBP or CEW.

The REA data series also provides information on self-employment and proprietor income. The major drawback to these data is that they are only available at the 3-digit NAICS level for state and county income, and the 3-digit and 2-digit level for state and county employment. These data provide a means to estimate proprietor employment and income, allowing for completion of the IMPLAN labor income data. The information used in developing IMPLAN data in this section is the following:

  • 3-digit State level wage and salary income – SA7 tables
  • 3-digit State level wage and salary employment – SA27 tables
  • 3-digit State level employee compensation (wage and salary plus other labor income and benefits) – SA06 tables
  • 3-digit State level total income (wage and salary and self-employment) – SA05 tables
  • 3-digit State level total employment (wage and salary and self-employment) – SA25 tables
  • 3-digit County level total income (wage and salary and self-employment) – CA05 tables
  • 3-digit County level employee compensation (wage and salary plus other labor income and benefits) – CA06 tables
  • 2-digit County level total employment (wage and salary and self-employment) – CA25 tables
  • 6-digit disclosed CEW state and county employment and income data aggregated to the 3-digit NAICS, BEA sectoring scheme (used to project the REA data to the current data year).

BEA employment and income data are also subject to non-disclosure rules; therefore, estimates are made for non-disclosed values.

SEPARATING COUNTIES FROM INDEPENDENT CITIES

Unlike the CEW and CBP data, which give information on all counties and independent cities in the U.S., the BEA has combined independent cities with their neighboring counties in their REA data series. In Virginia, there are currently 24 such combinations. In 1994 and earlier datasets, WI also had one of these combined regions. These regions require special processes to split into separate Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) counties.

Names of REA Counties and their Combined Cities and City ID

VIRGINIA
ALBEMARLE; CHARLOTTESVILLE 901
ALLEGHANY;CLIFTON FORGE; COVINGTON 903
AUGUSTA; STAUNTON; WAYNESBORO 907
CAMPBELL; LYNCHBURG 911
CARROLL; GALAX 913
DINWIDDIE; COLONIAL HEIGHTS; PETERSBURG 918
FAIRFAX; FAIRFAX CITY; FALLS CHURCH 919
FREDERICK; WINCHESTER 921
GREENSVILLE; EMPORIA 923
HENRY; MARTINSVILLE 929
JAMES CITY; WILLIAMSBURG 931
MONTGOMERY; RADFORD 933
PITTSYLVANIA; DANVILLE 939
PRINCE GEORGE; HOPEWELL 941
PRINCE WILLIAM; MANASSAS; MANASSAS PARK 942
ROANOKE; SALEM 944
ROCKBRIDGE; BUENA VISTA; LEXINGTON 945
ROCKINGHAM; HARRISONBURG 947
SOUTHAMPTON; FRANKLIN 949
SPOTSYLVANIA; FREDERICKSBURG 951
WASHINGTON; BRISTOL 953
WISE; NORTON 955
YORK; POQUOSON 958

The 3-digit CEW employment and income data are used to proportion the REA data into its component counties with alternative proxies being used where CEW data are unavailable or incomplete.

 

1 Other data sources are used to augment the above-listed sources for some specific sectors that are not fully covered by the above-listed sources or where more current data or data with more geographic or sectoral specificity are available.

Government Expenditures

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FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DEFENSE AND NON-DEFENSE

Federal Government expenditure, sales, and investment data come from the latest BEA benchmark I-O tables, adjusted to NIPA control totals for the current year.  National-level values are distributed to states and counties based on employment and employee compensation in Federal Defense and Non-Defense at the state and county level.

The one exception is Federal sales of stumpage, which is defined to be the sales volume of timber harvested (which includes sawlogs and all convertible volume) from National Forest land, and thus represents sales activity of the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).  The USFS provides unpublished timber sales data at the state and county levels to IMPLAN.  The data is obtained from a database maintained by the Washington Office Timber Sale Accounting (TSA branch). The data consist of:

  1. Normal distribution or revenues received by the USFS as a result of the timber sales.
  2. Purchaser Road Credits (PRC) directly related to the stumpage volume.
  3. Associated charges to purchasers not directly related to stumpage, including items such as road maintenance, slash disposal, and coop scaling.

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT EDUCATION AND NON-EDUCATION

We combine several data sources to get State and Local Government purchases and sales data. We start with values from the latest Census of Government (inflated to the proper year). We then replace any Census values with any available equivalent values from the Census Bureau’s annual State and Local Government Finances Survey. 

These data are totals – i.e., they do not have commodity specificity. At the state level, the resulting data represents the purchases and sales of State Government and Local Government combined, whereas at the county level, the data represents Local Government only. The state-level State and Local Government combined data are given commodity specificity upon controlling to U.S. commodity-specific values, which come from the latest BEA Benchmark controlled to current NIPA control totals. These state-level commodity-specific State and Local Government values are then distributed to the counties based on employment.

Database Validation

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Validating the database is an important final step in the data development process.

VALIDATION PROCESS

Once the national model is complete and balanced, it is checked thoroughly for errors. Models are built and multipliers generated. All values are distributed to the states and counties based on the procedures outlined here. Once the data have been distributed to the states and counties, an extensive validation process takes place. State and county models are built and evaluated. The data are also passed through a program that calculates ratios on every value in the database. Any outliers are examined and either documented or fixed if a program or data bug is the cause. Once this process is complete, the databases are released to the public. Users should always examine their study area and make changes if required. 

FORCE ACCOUNT ADJUSTMENT

To conform to I-O accounting definitions, IMPLAN industry data are subjected to an adjustment. This adjustment is called the force account adjustment and is an attempt to keep production activities consistent across sectors. For example, some non-construction industries, such as mining, have a large construction component. The force account construction adjustment moves the construction activity from the mining sector to the appropriate construction sector. The net result is that mining values may be slightly smaller than published estimates and the construction values may be slightly higher. Construction sectors can have production functions very different than the Industry using the constructed elements. Another highly affected sector is Hotels and Lodging. Restaurant, retail, and gaming activities that take place in hotels are moved to their respective sectors, thereby reducing the Hotels and Lodging sector to ~70% of its original size.

By keeping the activities separate, expenditures made during production will be more accurately allocated.

Introducing the SAM

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Regional Social Accounting Matrices, or SAM, represent an IMPLAN extension for regional Input-Output modeling. The SAM provides information on non-market financial flows. IMPLAN inter-industry models provide information on market transactions between firms and consumers, and they capture payments of taxes by individuals and businesses, transfers of government funds to people and businesses, and transfer of funds from people to people.

IMPLAN Group, LLC has developed methodologies for creating local (county) area SAM data that is consistent with Bureau of Economic Analysis’ National Income and Produce Accounts (NIPA).
SAM_Framework.PNG

SAM FRAMEWORK

Like Input-Output (I-O) tables, a full SAM is a double-entry bookkeeping system capable of tracing monetary flows between industries through debits and credits similar to T-Accounts in basic financial accounting. SAMs extend traditional I-O accounts by also providing information on non-market financial flows – i.e., industry-institution transfers and inter-institution transfers.

The matrix format allows the double-entry bookkeeping to be displayed in a single entry format. The column entries represent expenditures (payments) made by the economic agents. The row entries represent receipts or income to agents. By accounting definition, all receipts must equal all expenditures. That is, the SAM must balance. The shaded areas in Figure 24-1 are the inter-institutional (non-industry) transfers cells.

Column and row entries represent different economic actors. Across the row, “Industry” represents Industries producing goods and services. “Commodity” is the goods and services consumed by Industries and Institutions. “Factors” are factors of production, such as Employee Compensation, Proprietors Income, and Other Property Income. “Institutions” include Household and government accounts. “Capital” is investment and borrowing. “Enterprises” represent the distribution of corporate profits. “Trade” (exports and imports) show monetary flows into and out of a region.

Individual elements within the SAM tables include the use and make matrices and Value Added. The use table shows the use of Commodities by Industry or the goods and services required to produce an Industry’s output. The make table shows the make of Commodities by Industry, or who produces Commodities. These are typical components of Input-Output models. Also found in typical I/O models are final demand or Institutional consumption, exports, and imports.

The SAM adds non-industrial financial flows in addition to the typical I/O elements. Looking first at receipts or income, Industries make payments to Commodities for goods and services, payments to workers, profits (factors), payments to Institutions (households, governments, capital) or distributions, taxes, and borrowing. Lastly, Industries make payments to imports for use in production. The total is Total Industry Outlay.

Commodities make payments in the sense that there is a sum paid to produce Commodities. There are also non-Industrial sales of Commodities from Institutions.

Institutional income is also distributed to other Institutions. This is the real contribution of a SAM. These inter-institutional transfers show the flow of non-industrial funds. Inter-institutional transfers include transfers from businesses to households (interest and dividend payments), transfers from people to government (payment of taxes), and transfers from governments to people (social security, unemployment compensation, and other refunds and benefits). Inter-institutional transfers also include the capital accounts. For businesses, this is investment and borrowing. For households, this is net savings. Government capital accounts show surplus and deficits.

Components of IMPLAN Data Files

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Every regional IMPLAN Data file that you purchase contains the full spectrum of information available for the region of your purchase. This article provides information on what is included in the “background data” of each .odf file.

Each IMPLAN *.ODF data file is comprised of six main components. These are:

  1. Employment
  2. Value Added (Factors)
  3. Output
  4. Final (Institutional) Demand
  5. Inter-Institutional Transfers
  6. National Structural Matrices

 

Employment, Value Added & Output

 All Value Added, Output, and Employment information are on an Industry basis.

Sub-components of Value Added are:

  1. Employee Compensation
  2. Proprietary Income
  3. Other Property Type Income (OPTI)
  4. Taxes on Production and Imports net of Government Subsidy (TOPI)

 

Final (Institutional) Demand

Final Demand, referred to also as Institution Demand, consists of Households and Governments purchasing goods and services for consumption. Exports are also tracked in these calculations because they are removed from the Study Area by their purchase; thereby functioning as final consumption. Final Demand has 13 Institutional sub-components:

  1. Household Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE); Patterns are provided for nine Household income Classes from LT10K to 150K+ (2014 data and older) and LT15K to 200K+ (2015 data and newer).
  2. Federal Government Defense Purchases
  3. Federal Government Non-Defense Purchases
  4. Federal Government Non-Defense Investment
  5. State and Local Government Non-Education Purchases
  6. State and Local Government Education Purchases
  7. State and Local Government Investment
  8. Inventory Purchases 
  9. Capital
  10. Foreign Exports
  11. State and Local Government Sales
  12. Federal Government Sales
  13. Inventory Sales

 

All Institution demand in the original data is measured on a Commodity basis.

 

Inter-Institutional Transfers

 To learn more about Inter-Institutional Transfers, click here. 

 

 National Structural Matrix

Associated with the geographic data files for each year of the data is the annual National Structural matrices file, including the following National I/O Matrices:

In addition to these National I/O matrices, IMPLAN data files include:

  • Margins
  • Sectoring Scheme (536 sectors for 2013 and later data sets)
  • Deflators
  • Parameters for Econometric estimation of Trade Flows
  • Trade Flow Data Files, which include estimates of all Commodity flows between counties and states, from our double constrained gravity model.
  • Journey to work data to capture in-commuting for MRIO

IMPLAN Sectoring & NAICS Correspondences

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INTRODUCTION:

Sectors are a way of describing your Industry. All versions of the Sectoring schemes, except the 528 Sectoring scheme, are based on NAICS codes but represent differing levels of NAICS code rollups. Generally speaking, manufacturing Sectors are 4-5 digit NAICS; whereas, agriculture and services are 3-4 digit NAICS. Choosing the correct Sector is vital to an accurate analysis.

 

DETAILED INFORMATION:

The Sectoring schemes represent rollups of NAICS descriptions, and each Sector has its own spending pattern derived from the BEA expenditures patterns. To see what NAICS codes and descriptions are associated to a particular Sector, you can use the Sector Search feature located in the Help menu of the desktop software (IMPLAN Pro) or within the event window in IMPLAN Online. Sort by clicking the the “NAICS Code” field header and scroll down to the IMPLAN sector of interest.

Type in a keyword or NAICS code to pull up associated descriptions. Note that on keyword searches, subsets of words will also be displayed, so for example the word “wine” will also bring up terms like swine and twine. One way to make the Sector Search easier to use is to click on the Industry Code field to sort the results by Industry Code. Curiously, plurals are not always recognized, so if you type in “books” but do not receive fields related to your search try “book“. Alternatively, in our downloads section are spreadsheets that provide NAICS code descriptions and IMPLAN sector correspondance.

Please note also that in data sets prior to 2012 there are no NAICS 23* correspondances, and while descriptions are included in 2012 forward, there are no corresponding IMPLAN Sector Codes because our construction Sectors come from Census rather than NAICS. Please see related articles for this and other information about special Sectors in the IMPLAN Sectoring scheme.

One other key element to keep in mind when selecting a Sector is that the Sector also contains the representative ratios of Intermediate Expenditures:Value Added and the Value Added ratios for that Industry in that Study Area. For all these reasons it is very important to ensure that your Sector represents the Industry you are modeling. If you have a line-item budget and want to create your own Sector, please see the section on Analysis-by-Parts.

 

USAGE:

Here is a reference to all the Sectoring schemes in the IMPLAN Data. Manual bridges for bridging Sectors across data years are found in the Related Articles.

 536 Sector Scheme (2013 – Present)

Implan536Index ImplanBEACode ImplanDescription
1 1111A0 Oilseed farming
2 1111B0 Grain farming
3 111200 Vegetable and melon farming
4 1113A0 Fruit farming
5 111335 Tree nut farming
6 111400 Greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production
7 111910 Tobacco farming
8 111920 Cotton farming
9 1119A0 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming
10 1119B0 All other crop farming
11 1121A0 Beef cattle ranching and farming, including feedlots and dual-purpose ranching and farming
12 112120 Dairy cattle and milk production
13 112300 Poultry and egg production
14 112A00 Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs
15 113A00 Forestry, forest products, and timber tract production
16 113310 Commercial logging 
17 114100 Commercial fishing
18 114200 Commercial hunting and trapping 
19 115000 Support activities for agriculture and forestry
20 211111 Extraction of natural gas and crude petroleum
21 211112 Extraction of natural gas liquids
22 212100 Coal mining
23 212210 Iron ore mining
24 212221 Gold ore mining
25 212222 Silver ore mining
26 212231 Lead and zinc ore mining
27 212234 Copper ore mining
28 212291 Uranium-radium-vanadium ore mining
29 212299 Other metal ore mining
30 212310 Stone mining and quarrying
31 21232A Sand and gravel mining
32 212325 Other clay, ceramic, refractory minerals mining
33 212391 Potash, soda, and borate mineral mining
34 212392 Phosphate rock mining
35 212393 Other chemical and fertilizer mineral mining
36 212399 Other nonmetallic minerals
37 213111 Drilling oil and gas wells
38 213112 Support activities for oil and gas operations
39 213114 Metal mining services
40 21311A Other nonmetallic minerals services
41 221111 Electric power generation – Hydroelectric
42 221112 Electric power generation – Fossil fuel
43 221113 Electric power generation – Nuclear
44 221114 Electric power generation – Solar
45 221115 Electric power generation – Wind
46 221116 Electric power generation – Geothermal
47 221117 Electric power generation – Biomass
48 221118 Electric power generation – All other
49 221120 Electric power transmission and distribution
50 221200 Natural gas distribution
51 221300 Water, sewage and other systems
52 233210 Construction of new health care structures
53 233230 Construction of new manufacturing structures
54 233240 Construction of new power and communication structures
55 233262 Construction of new educational and vocational structures
56 233293 Construction of new highways and streets
57 2332A0 Construction of new commercial structures, including farm structures
58 2332B0 Construction of other new nonresidential structures
59 233411 Construction of new single-family residential structures
60 233412 Construction of new multifamily residential structures
61 2334A0 Construction of other new residential structures
62 230301 Maintenance and repair construction of nonresidential structures
63 230302 Maintenance and repair construction of residential structures
64 230303 Maintenance and repair construction of highways, streets, bridges, and tunnels
65 311111 Dog and cat food manufacturing
66 311119 Other animal food manufacturing
67 311211 Flour milling
68 311212 Rice milling
69 311213 Malt manufacturing
70 311221 Wet corn milling
71 311224 Soybean and other oilseed processing
72 311225 Fats and oils refining and blending
73 311230 Breakfast cereal manufacturing
74 311313 Beet sugar manufacturing
75 311314 Sugar cane mills and refining
76 311340 Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing
77 311351 Chocolate and confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans
78 311352 Confectionery manufacturing from purchased chocolate
79 311411 Frozen fruits, juices and vegetables manufacturing
80 311412 Frozen specialties manufacturing
81 311421 Canned fruits and vegetables manufacturing
82 311422 Canned specialties
83 311423 Dehydrated food products manufacturing
84 311511 Fluid milk manufacturing
85 311512 Creamery butter manufacturing
86 311513 Cheese manufacturing
87 311514 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy product manufacturing
88 311520 Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing
89 311611 Animal, except poultry, slaughtering
90 311612 Meat processed from carcasses
91 311613 Rendering and meat byproduct processing
92 311615 Poultry processing
93 311700 Seafood product preparation and packaging
94 31181A Bread and bakery product, except frozen, manufacturing
95 311813 Frozen cakes and other pastries manufacturing
96 311821 Cookie and cracker manufacturing
97 311824 Dry pasta, mixes, and dough manufacturing
98 311830 Tortilla manufacturing
99 311911 Roasted nuts and peanut butter manufacturing
100 311919 Other snack food manufacturing
101 311920 Coffee and tea manufacturing
102 311930 Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing
103 311941 Mayonnaise, dressing, and sauce manufacturing
104 311942 Spice and extract manufacturing
105 311990 All other food manufacturing
106 31211A Bottled and canned soft drinks & water
107 312113 Manufactured ice
108 312120 Breweries
109 312130 Wineries
110 312140 Distilleries
111 312200 Tobacco product manufacturing
112 313100 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills
113 313210 Broadwoven fabric mills
114 313220 Narrow fabric mills and schiffli machine embroidery
115 313230 Nonwoven fabric mills
116 313240 Knit fabric mills
117 313310 Textile and fabric finishing mills
118 313320 Fabric coating mills                                                                                                         
119 314110 Carpet and rug mills
120 314120 Curtain and linen mills
121 314910 Textile bag and canvas mills
122 314994 Rope, cordage, twine, tire cord and tire fabric mills
123 314999 Other textile product mills
124 315110 Hosiery and sock mills
125 315190 Other apparel knitting mills
126 315210 Cut and sew apparel contractors                                                                                             
127 315220 Men’s and boys’ cut and sew apparel manufacturing                                                                           
128 315240 Women’s and girls’ cut and sew apparel manufacturing                                                                         
129 315280 Other cut and sew apparel manufacturing                                                                                     
130 315900 Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing
131 316100 Leather and hide tanning and finishing                                                                                       
132 316200 Footwear manufacturing                                                                                                       
133 316900 Other leather and allied product manufacturing                                                                               
134 321113 Sawmills
135 321114 Wood preservation
136 32121A Veneer and plywood manufacturing                                                                                             
137 32121B Engineered wood member and truss manufacturing                                                                               
138 321219 Reconstituted wood product manufacturing                                                                                     
139 321911 Wood windows and door manufacturing
140 321912 Cut stock, resawing lumber, and planing
141 321918 Other millwork, including flooring
142 321920 Wood container and pallet manufacturing                                                                                     
143 321991 Manufactured home (mobile home) manufacturing
144 321992 Prefabricated wood building manufacturing                                                                                   
145 321999 All other miscellaneous wood product manufacturing
146 322110 Pulp mills
147 322120 Paper mills
148 322130 Paperboard mills
149 322210 Paperboard container manufacturing
150 322220 Paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing
151 322230 Stationery product manufacturing
152 322291 Sanitary paper product manufacturing
153 322299 All other converted paper product manufacturing
154 323110 Printing
155 323120 Support activities for printing
156 324110 Petroleum refineries
157 324121 Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing
158 324122 Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing
159 324191 Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing                                                                           
160 324199 All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing                                                                         
161 325110 Petrochemical manufacturing
162 325120 Industrial gas manufacturing
163 325130 Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing
164 325180 Other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
165 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing
166 325211 Plastics material and resin manufacturing
167 325212 Synthetic rubber manufacturing                                                                                               
168 325220 Artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing                                                                 
169 325311 Nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing
170 325312 Phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing
171 325314 Fertilizer mixing
172 325320 Pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
173 325411 Medicinal and botanical manufacturing
174 325412 Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing
175 325413 In-vitro diagnostic substance manufacturing
176 325414 Biological product (except diagnostic) manufacturing
177 325510 Paint and coating manufacturing
178 325520 Adhesive manufacturing
179 325611 Soap and other detergent manufacturing
180 325612 Polish and other sanitation good manufacturing
181 325613 Surface active agent manufacturing
182 325620 Toilet preparation manufacturing
183 325910 Printing ink manufacturing
184 325920 Explosives manufacturing
185 325991 Custom compounding of purchased resins
186 325992 Photographic film and chemical manufacturing
187 325998 Other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing
188 326110 Plastics packaging materials and unlaminated film and sheet manufacturing
189 326121 Unlaminated plastics profile shape manufacturing                                                                             
190 326122 Plastics pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing                                                                                 
191 326130 Laminated plastics plate, sheet (except packaging), and shape manufacturing
192 326140 Polystyrene foam product manufacturing
193 326150 Urethane and other foam product (except polystyrene) manufacturing
194 326160 Plastics bottle manufacturing
195 326190 Other plastics product manufacturing
196 326210 Tire manufacturing
197 326220 Rubber and plastics hoses and belting manufacturing
198 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing
199 327110 Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing                                                                       
200 327120 Brick, tile, and other structural clay product manufacturing
201 327211 Flat glass manufacturing                                                                                                     
202 327212 Other pressed and blown glass and glassware manufacturing                                                                   
203 327213 Glass container manufacturing                                                                                               
204 327215 Glass product manufacturing made of purchased glass                                                                         
205 327310 Cement manufacturing
206 327320 Ready-mix concrete manufacturing
207 327331 Concrete block and brick manufacturing
208 327332 Concrete pipe manufacturing
209 327390 Other concrete product manufacturing
210 327410 Lime manufacturing
211 327420 Gypsum product manufacturing
212 327910 Abrasive product manufacturing
213 327991 Cut stone and stone product manufacturing
214 327992 Ground or treated mineral and earth manufacturing
215 327993 Mineral wool manufacturing
216 327999 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products manufacturing
217 331110 Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing
218 331210 Iron, steel pipe and tube manufacturing from purchased steel
219 331221 Rolled steel shape manufacturing
220 331222 Steel wire drawing
221 331313 Alumina refining and primary aluminum production
222 331314 Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum
223 331315 Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil manufacturing
224 331318 Other aluminum rolling, drawing and extruding
225 331410 Nonferrous metal (exc aluminum) smelting and refining
226 331420 Copper rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying
227 331491 Nonferrous metal, except copper and aluminum, shaping
228 331492 Secondary processing of other nonferrous metals
229 331510 Ferrous metal foundries
230 331520 Nonferrous metal foundries
231 332111 Iron and steel forging
232 332112 Nonferrous forging
233 332114 Custom roll forming
234 33211A Crown and closure manufacturing and metal stamping
235 332215 Cutlery, utensil, pot, and pan manufacturing
236 332216 Handtool manufacturing                                                                                                       
237 332311 Prefabricated metal buildings and components manufacturing
238 332312 Fabricated structural metal manufacturing
239 332313 Plate work manufacturing
240 332321 Metal window and door manufacturing
241 332322 Sheet metal work manufacturing
242 332323 Ornamental and architectural metal work manufacturing
243 332410 Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing
244 332420 Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing
245 332431 Metal cans manufacturing
246 332439 Metal barrels, drums and pails manufacturing
247 332500 Hardware manufacturing
248 332600 Spring and wire product manufacturing
249 332710 Machine shops
250 332720 Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing
251 332811 Metal heat treating
252 332812 Metal coating and nonprecious engraving
253 332813 Electroplating, anodizing, and coloring metal
254 33291A Valve and fittings, other than plumbing, manufacturing
255 332913 Plumbing fixture fitting and trim manufacturing
256 332991 Ball and roller bearing manufacturing
257 332992 Small arms ammunition manufacturing
258 332993 Ammunition, except for small arms, manufacturing
259 332994 Small arms, ordnance, and accessories manufacturing
260 332996 Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
261 332999 Other fabricated metal manufacturing
262 333111 Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing
263 333112 Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing
264 333120 Construction machinery manufacturing
265 333131 Mining machinery and equipment manufacturing
266 333132 Oil and gas field machinery and equipment manufacturing
267 333241 Food product machinery manufacturing
268 333242 Semiconductor machinery manufacturing
269 333243 Sawmill, woodworking, and paper machinery
270 333244 Printing machinery and equipment manufacturing
271 333249 All other industrial machinery manufacturing
272 333314 Optical instrument and lens manufacturing
273 333316 Photographic and photocopying equipment manufacturing
274 333318 Other commercial service industry machinery manufacturing
275 333413 Air purification and ventilation equipment manufacturing
276 333414 Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing
277 333415 Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing
278 333511 Industrial mold manufacturing
279 333514 Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing
280 333515 Cutting tool and machine tool accessory manufacturing                                                                       
281 333517 Machine tool manufacturing
282 333519 Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery manufacturing
283 333611 Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing
284 333612 Speed changer, industrial high-speed drive, and gear manufacturing
285 333613 Mechanical power transmission equipment manufacturing
286 333618 Other engine equipment manufacturing
287 333911 Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing
288 333912 Air and gas compressor manufacturing
289 333913 Measuring and dispensing pump manufacturing
290 333921 Elevator and moving stairway manufacturing
291 333922 Conveyor and conveying equipment manufacturing
292 333923 Overhead cranes, hoists, and monorail systems manufacturing
293 333924 Industrial truck, trailer, and stacker manufacturing
294 333991 Power-driven handtool manufacturing
295 333992 Welding and soldering equipment manufacturing
296 333993 Packaging machinery manufacturing
297 333994 Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing
298 333995 Fluid power cylinder and actuator manufacturing
299 333996 Fluid power pump and motor manufacturing
300 33399A Scales, balances, and miscellaneous general purpose machinery manufacturing
301 334111 Electronic computer manufacturing
302 334112 Computer storage device manufacturing
303 334118 Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing
304 334210 Telephone apparatus manufacturing
305 334220 Broadcast and wireless communications equipment manufacturing
306 334290 Other communications equipment manufacturing
307 334300 Audio and video equipment manufacturing
308 334412 Bare printed circuit board manufacturing                                                                                     
309 334413 Semiconductor and related device manufacturing
310 334416 Capacitor, resistor, coil, transformer, and other inductor manufacturing                                         
311 334417 Electronic connector manufacturing                                                                                           
312 334418 Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly) manufacturing
313 334419 Other electronic component manufacturing                                                                                     
314 334510 Electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus manufacturing
315 334511 Search, detection, and navigation instruments manufacturing
316 334512 Automatic environmental control manufacturing
317 334513 Industrial process variable instruments manufacturing
318 334514 Totalizing fluid meter and counting device manufacturing
319 334515 Electricity and signal testing instruments manufacturing
320 334516 Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing
321 334517 Irradiation apparatus manufacturing
322 334519 Watch, clock, and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing
323 334613 Blank magnetic and optical recording media manufacturing                                                                           
324 334614 Software and other prerecorded and record reproducing
325 335110 Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing
326 335120 Lighting fixture manufacturing
327 335210 Small electrical appliance manufacturing
328 335221 Household cooking appliance manufacturing
329 335222 Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing
330 335224 Household laundry equipment manufacturing
331 335228 Other major household appliance manufacturing
332 335311 Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing
333 335312 Motor and generator manufacturing
334 335313 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing
335 335314 Relay and industrial control manufacturing
336 335911 Storage battery manufacturing
337 335912 Primary battery manufacturing
338 335921 Fiber optic cable manufacturing
339 335929 Other communication and energy wire manufacturing
340 335930 Wiring device manufacturing
341 335991 Carbon and graphite product manufacturing
342 335999 All other miscellaneous electrical equipment and component manufacturing
343 336111 Automobile manufacturing
344 336112 Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing
345 336120 Heavy duty truck manufacturing
346 336211 Motor vehicle body manufacturing
347 336212 Truck trailer manufacturing
348 336213 Motor home manufacturing
349 336214 Travel trailer and camper manufacturing
350 336310 Motor vehicle gasoline engine and engine parts manufacturing
351 336320 Motor vehicle electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing
352 3363A0 Motor vehicle steering, suspension component (except spring), and brake systems manufacturing
353 336350 Motor vehicle transmission and power train parts manufacturing
354 336360 Motor vehicle seating and interior trim manufacturing
355 336370 Motor vehicle metal stamping
356 336390 Other motor vehicle parts manufacturing
357 336411 Aircraft manufacturing
358 336412 Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing
359 336413 Other aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment manufacturing
360 336414 Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing
361 33641A Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles manufacturing
362 336500 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing
363 336611 Ship building and repairing
364 336612 Boat building
365 336991 Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing
366 336992 Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank component manufacturing
367 336999 All other transportation equipment manufacturing
368 337110 Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing
369 337121 Upholstered household furniture manufacturing
370 337122 Nonupholstered wood household furniture manufacturing
371 33712A Other household nonupholstered furniture manufacturing
372 337127 Institutional furniture manufacturing
373 337211 Wood office furniture manufacturing
374 337212 Custom architectural woodwork and millwork
375 337214 Office furniture, except wood, manufacturing
376 337215 Showcase, partition, shelving, and locker manufacturing
377 337910 Mattress manufacturing 
378 337920 Blind and shade manufacturing   
379 339112 Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing
380 339113 Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing
381 339114 Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing
382 339115 Ophthalmic goods manufacturing
383 339116 Dental laboratories
384 339910 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing
385 339920 Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing
386 339930 Doll, toy, and game manufacturing
387 339940 Office supplies (except paper) manufacturing
388 339950 Sign manufacturing
389 339991 Gasket, packing, and sealing device manufacturing                                                                           
390 339992 Musical instrument manufacturing                                                                                             
391 339993 Fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins manufacturing
392 339994 Broom, brush, and mop manufacturing                                                                                         
393 339995 Burial casket manufacturing
394 339999 All other miscellaneous manufacturing
395 420000 Wholesale trade
396 441000 Retail – Motor vehicle and parts dealers
397 442000 Retail – Furniture and home furnishings stores
398 443000 Retail – Electronics and appliance stores
399 444000 Retail – Building material and garden equipment and supplies stores
400 445000 Retail – Food and beverage stores
401 446000 Retail – Health and personal care stores
402 447000 Retail – Gasoline stores
403 448000 Retail – Clothing and clothing accessories stores
404 451000 Retail – Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument and book stores
405 452000 Retail – General merchandise stores
406 453000 Retail – Miscellaneious store retailers
407 454000 Retail – Nonstore retailers
408 481000 Air transportation
409 482000 Rail transportation
410 483000 Water transportation
411 484000 Truck transportation
412 485000 Transit and ground passenger transportation
413 486000 Pipeline transportation
414 48A000 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation
415 492000 Couriers and messengers
416 493000 Warehousing and storage
417 511110 Newspaper publishers
418 511120 Periodical publishers
419 511130 Book publishers
420 5111A0 Directory, mailing list, and other publishers
421 511191 Greeting card publishing
422 511200 Software publishers
423 512100 Motion picture and video industries
424 512200 Sound recording industries
425 515100 Radio and television broadcasting
426 515200 Cable and other subscription programming
427 517110 Wired telecommunications carriers
428 517210 Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite)
429 517A00 Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications
430 518200 Data processing, hosting, and related services
431 5191A0 News syndicates, libraries, archives and all other information services
432 519130 Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals
433 52A000 Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation
434 522A00 Nondepository credit intermediation and related activities
435 523A00 Securities and commodity contracts intermediation and brokerage
436 523900 Other financial investment activities
437 524100 Insurance carriers
438 524200 Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related activities
439 525000 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles
440 531000 Real estate
441 S00800 Owner-occupied dwellings
442 532100 Automotive equipment rental and leasing
443 532A00 General and consumer goods rental except video tapes and discs                                                               
444 532230 Video tape and disc rental                                                                                                   
445 532400 Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing
446 533000 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
447 541100 Legal services
448 541200 Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services
449 541300 Architectural, engineering, and related services
450 541400 Specialized design services
451 541511 Custom computer programming services
452 541512 Computer systems design services
453 54151A Other computer related services, including facilities management
454 541610 Management consulting services
455 5416A0 Environmental and other technical consulting services
456 541700 Scientific research and development services
457 541800 Advertising, public relations, and related services
458 541920 Photographic services
459 541940 Veterinary services
460 5419A0 Marketing research and all other miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services
461 550000 Management of companies and enterprises
462 561100 Office administrative services
463 561200 Facilities support services
464 561300 Employment services
465 561400 Business support services
466 561500 Travel arrangement and reservation services
467 561600 Investigation and security services
468 5617A0 Services to buildings
469 561730 Landscape and horticultural services
470 561900 Other support services
471 562000 Waste management and remediation services
472 611100 Elementary and secondary schools
473 611A00 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools
474 611B00 Other educational services
475 621100 Offices of physicians
476 621200 Offices of dentists
477 621300 Offices of other health practitioners
478 621400 Outpatient care centers
479 621500 Medical and diagnostic laboratories
480 621600 Home health care services
481 621900 Other ambulatory health care services
482 622000 Hospitals
483 623A00 Nursing and community care facilities
484 623B00 Residential mental retardation, mental health, substance abuse and other facilities
485 624100 Individual and family services
486 624A00 Community food, housing, and other relief services, including rehabilitation services
487 624400 Child day care services
488 711100 Performing arts companies
489 71121A Commercial Sports Except Racing
490 711212 Racing and Track Operation
491 711A00 Promoters of performing arts and sports and agents for public figures
492 711500 Independent artists, writers, and performers
493 712000 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks
494 713100 Amusement parks and arcades
495 713200 Gambling industries (except casino hotels)
496 713B00 Other amusement and recreation industries
497 713940 Fitness and recreational sports centers 
498 713950 Bowling centers                                                                                                             
499 7211A0 Hotels and motels, including casino hotels                                                                                   
500 721A00 Other accommodations                                                                                                         
501 722511 Full-service restaurants
502 722513 Limited-service restaurants
503 722A00 All other food and drinking places
504 8111A0 Automotive repair and maintenance, except car washes                                                                         
505 811192 Car washes                                                                                                                   
506 811200 Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance
507 811300 Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance
508 811400 Personal and household goods repair and maintenance
509 812100 Personal care services
510 812200 Death care services
511 812300 Dry-cleaning and laundry services
512 812900 Other personal services
513 813100 Religious organizations
514 813A00 Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations
515 8139A0 Business and professional associations
516 813B00 Labor and civic organizations
517 814000 Private households
518 491000 Postal service
519 S00101 Federal electric utilities
520 S00102 Other federal government enterprises
521 S00201 State government passenger transit
522 S00202 State government electric utilities
523 S00203 Other state government enterprises
524 S00301 Local government passenger transit
525 S00302 Local government electric utilities
526 S00303 Other local government enterprises
527 S00402 Used and secondhand goods
528 S00401 Scrap
529 S00900 Rest of the world adjustment
530 S00300 Noncomparable imports
531 S00700 Employment and payroll of state govt, non-education
532 S00701 Employment and payroll of state govt, education
533 S00702 Employment and payroll of local govt, non-education
534 S00703 Employment and payroll of local govt, education
535 S00600 Employment and payroll of federal govt, non-military
536 S00500 Employment and payroll of federal govt, military

 

440 Sectoring Scheme (2012 – 2007)

For a more detailed description of 2012 NAICS codes please visit the Census site.

IMPLAN Sector IMPLAN Description
1 Oilseed farming                                                                                                              
2 Grain farming                                                                                                                
3 Vegetable and melon farming                                                                                                  
4 Fruit farming                                                                                                                
5 Tree nut farming                                                                                                             
6 Greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production
7 Tobacco farming                                                                                                   
8 Cotton farming
9 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming                                                                                             
10 All other crop farming                                                                                                       
11 Cattle ranching and farming                                                                                                  
12 Dairy cattle and milk production                                                                                                              
13 Poultry and egg production                                                                                                   
14 Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs                                                                        
15 Forest nurseries, forest products, and timber tracts                                                                         
16 Logging                                                                                                                      
17 Fishing                                                                                                                      
18 Hunting and trapping                                                                                                         
19 Support activities for agriculture and forestry
20 Oil and gas extraction                                                                                                       
21 Coal mining                                                                                                                  
22 Iron ore mining                                                                                                              
23 Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining                                                                                        
24 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining                                                                                     
25 Stone mining and quarrying                                                                                                   
26 Sand, gravel, clay, and ceramic and refractory minerals mining and quarrying
27 Other nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying
28 Drilling oil and gas wells                                                                                                   
29 Support activities for oil and gas operations                                                                                
30 Support activities for other mining                                                                                          
31 Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution
32 Natural gas distribution                                                                                                     
33 Water, sewage and other systems                                                                                              
34 Construction of new nonresidential commercial and health care structures
35 Construction of new nonresidential manufacturing structures
36 Construction of other new nonresidential structures
37 Construction of new residential permanent site single- and multi-family structures            
38 Construction of other new residential structures            
39 Maintenance and repair construction of nonresidential maintenance and repair
40 Maintenance and repair construction of residential structures
41 Dog and cat food manufacturing                                                                                               
42 Other animal food manufacturing                                                                                              
43 Flour milling and malt manufacturing                                                                                         
44 Wet corn milling                                                                                                             
45 Soybean and other oilseed processing                                                                                         
46 Fats and oils refining and blending                                                                                          
47 Breakfast cereal manufacturing                                                                                               
48 Sugar cane mills and refining                                                                                                
49 Beet sugar manufacturing                                                                                                     
50 Chocolate and confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans
51 Confectionery manufacturing from purchased chocolate                                                                         
52 Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing                                                                                     
53 Frozen food manufacturing                                                                                                    
54 Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling, and drying                                                                             
55 Fluid milk and butter manufacturing                                                                                          
56 Cheese manufacturing                                                                                                         
57 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy product manufacturing
58 Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing                                                                                   
59 Animal (except poultry) slaughtering, rendering, and processing
60 Poultry processing                                                                                                           
61 Seafood product preparation and packaging                                                                                    
62 Bread and bakery product manufacturing                                                                                       
63 Cookie, cracker, and pasta manufacturing                                                                                      
64 Tortilla manufacturing                                                                                                       
65 Snack food manufacturing                                                                                                     
66 Coffee and tea manufacturing                                                                                                 
67 Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing                                                                                
68 Seasoning and dressing manufacturing                                                                                         
69 All other food manufacturing                                                                                                 
70 Soft drink and ice manufacturing                                                                                             
71 Breweries                                                                                                                    
72 Wineries                                                                                                                     
73 Distilleries                                                                                                                 
74 Tobacco product manufacturing                                                                                                
75 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills                                                                                                
76 Broadwoven fabric mills                                                                                                      
77 Narrow fabric mills and schiffli machine embroidery
78 Nonwoven fabric mills                                                                                                        
79 Knit fabric mills                                                                                                            
80 Textile and fabric finishing mills                                                                                           
81 Fabric coating mills                                                                                                         
82 Carpet and rug mills                                                                                                         
83 Curtain and linen mills                                                                                                      
84 Textile bag and canvas mills                                                                                                 
85 All other textile product mills                                                                                
86 Apparel knitting mills
87 Cut and sew apparel contractors                                                                                              
88 Men’s and boys’ cut and sew apparel manufacturing                                                                            
89 Women’s and girls’ cut and sew apparel manufacturing                                                                         
90 Other cut and sew apparel manufacturing                                                                                      
91 Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing
92 Leather and hide tanning and finishing                                                                                       
93 Footwear manufacturing                                                                                                       
94 Other leather and allied product manufacturing                                                                               
95 Sawmills and wood preservation                                                                                               
96 Veneer and plywood manufacturing                                                                                             
97 Engineered wood member and truss manufacturing                                                                               
98 Reconstituted wood product manufacturing                                                                                     
99 Wood windows and doors and millwork
100 Wood container and pallet manufacturing                                                                                      
101 Manufactured home (mobile home) manufacturing
102 Prefabricated wood building manufacturing                                                                                    
103 All other miscellaneous wood product manufacturing
104 Pulp mills                                                                                                                   
105 Paper mills                                                                                                                  
106 Paperboard Mills                                                                                                             
107 Paperboard container manufacturing                                                                                           
108 Coated and laminated paper, packaging paper and plastics film manufacturing                                                         
109 All other paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing                                                                        
110 Stationery product manufacturing                                                                                             
111 Sanitary paper product manufacturing                                                                                         
112 All other converted paper product manufacturing                                                                              
113 Printing                                                                                                                     
114 Support activities for printing                                                                                              
115 Petroleum refineries                                                                                                         
116 Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing                                                                               
117 Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing                                                                          
118 Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing                                                                           
119 All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing                                                                          
120 Petrochemical manufacturing                                                                                                  
121 Industrial gas manufacturing                                                                                                 
122 Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing                                                                                      
123 Alkalies and chlorine manufacturing                                                                                          
124 Carbon black manufacturing                                                                                                   
125 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing                                                                             
126 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing                                                                                   
127 Plastics material and resin manufacturing                                                                                    
128 Synthetic rubber manufacturing                                                                                               
129 Artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing                                                                  
130 Fertilizer manufacturing
131 Pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
132 Medicinal and botanical manufacturing                                                                                        
133 Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing                                                                                     
134 In-vitro diagnostic substance manufacturing                                                                                  
135 Biological product (except diagnostic) manufacturing                                                                         
136 Paint and coating manufacturing                                                                                              
137 Adhesive manufacturing                                                                                                       
138 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing                                                                                     
139 Toilet preparation manufacturing                                                                                             
140 Printing ink manufacturing                                                                                                   
141 All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing                                                                     
142 Plastics packaging materials and unlaminated film and sheet manufacturing 
143 Unlaminated plastics profile shape manufacturing                                                                             
144 Plastics pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing                                                                                 
145 Laminated plastics plate, sheet (except packaging), and shape manufacturing 
146 Polystyrene foam product manufacturing                                                                                       
147 Urethane and other foam product (except polystyrene) manufacturing                                                           
148 Plastics bottle manufacturing                                                                                                
149 Other plastics product manufacturing                                                                                         
150 Tire manufacturing                                                                                                           
151 Rubber and plastics hoses and belting manufacturing 
152 Other rubber product manufacturing                                                                                           
153 Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing                                                                        
154 Brick, tile, and other structural clay product manufacturing 
155 Clay and nonclay refractory manufacturing 
156 Flat glass manufacturing                                                                                                     
157 Other pressed and blown glass and glassware manufacturing                                                                    
158 Glass container manufacturing                                                                                                
159 Glass product manufacturing made of purchased glass                                                                          
160 Cement manufacturing                                                                                                         
161 Ready-mix concrete manufacturing                                                                                             
162 Concrete pipe, brick, and block manufacturing
163 Other concrete product manufacturing                                                                                         
164 Lime and gypsum product manufacturing                                                                                        
165 Abrasive product manufacturing                                                                                               
166 Cut stone and stone product manufacturing                                                                                    
167 Ground or treated mineral and earth manufacturing
168 Mineral wool manufacturing                                                                                                   
169 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products                                                                                   
170 Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing
171 Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel
172 Alumina refining and primary aluminum production                                                                             
173 Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum                                                                                  
174 Aluminum product manufacturing from purchased aluminum
175 Primary smelting and refining of copper                                                                                      
176 Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metal (except copper and aluminum)
177 Copper rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying                                                                              
178 Nonferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying                                       
179 Ferrous metal foundries                                                                                                     
180 Nonferrous metal foundries
181 All other forging, stamping, and sintering                                                                                  
182 Custom roll forming                                                                                                          
183 Crown and closure manufacturing and metal stamping
184 Cutlery, utensil, pot, and pan manufacturing 
185 Handtool manufacturing                                                                                                       
186 Plate work and fabricated structural product manufacturing                                                                   
187 Ornamental and architectural metal products manufacturing                                                                   
188 Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing                                                                                
189 Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing                                                                                       
190 Metal can, box, and other metal container (light gauge) manufacturing  
191 Ammunition manufacturing                                                                                                     
192 Arms, ordnance, and accessories manufacturing
193 Hardware manufacturing                                                                                                       
194 Spring and wire product manufacturing                                                                                        
195 Machine shops                                                                                                                
196 Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing                                                                        
197 Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities                                                                      
198 Valve and fittings other than plumbing                                                                                       
199 Plumbing fixture fitting and trim manufacturing                                                                              
200 Ball and roller bearing manufacturing                                                                                        
201 Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing                                                                               
202 Other fabricated metal manufacturing                                                                                         
203 Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing                                                                                   
204 Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing                                                                                      
205 Construction machinery manufacturing                                                                                         
206 Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing                                                                         
207 Other industrial machinery manufacturing                                                                                     
208 Plastics and rubber industry machinery manufacturing
209 Semiconductor machinery manufacturing                                                                                        
210 Vending, commercial, industrial, and office machinery manufacturing
211 Optical instrument and lens manufacturing                                                                                    
212 Photographic and photocopying equipment manufacturing                                                                        
213 Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing                                                                
214 Air purification and ventilation equipment manufacturing                                                                                          
215 Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing
216 Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing
217 Industrial mold manufacturing                                                                                                
218 Metal cutting and forming machine tool manufacturing 
219 Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing                                                                            
220 Cutting tool and machine tool accessory manufacturing                                                                        
221 Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery manufacturing
222 Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing                                                                        
223 Speed changer, industrial high-speed drive, and gear manufacturing                                                           
224 Mechanical power transmission equipment manufacturing                                                                        
225 Other engine equipment manufacturing                                                                                         
226 Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing                                                                                     
227 Air and gas compressor manufacturing                                                                                         
228 Material handling equipment manufacturing                                                                                    
229 Power-driven handtool manufacturing                                                                                          
230 Other general purpose machinery manufacturing
231 Packaging machinery manufacturing                                                                                            
232 Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing                                                                            
233 Fluid power process machinery                                                                                                
234 Electronic computer manufacturing                                                                                            
235 Computer storage device manufacturing                                                                                        
236 Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing                                                                            
237 Telephone apparatus manufacturing                                                                                            
238 Broadcast and wireless communications equipment                                                                              
239 Other communications equipment manufacturing                                                                                 
240 Audio and video equipment manufacturing                                                                                      
241 Electron tube manufacturing                                                                                                  
242 Bare printed circuit board manufacturing                                                                                     
243 Semiconductor and related device manufacturing                                                                               
244 Electronic capacitor, resistor, coil, transformer, and other inductor manufacturing                                          
245 Electronic connector manufacturing                                                                                           
246 Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly) manufacturing                                                                 
247 Other electronic component manufacturing                                                                                     
248 Electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus manufacturing 
249 Search, detection, and navigation instruments manufacturing
250 Automatic environmental control manufacturing                                                                                
251 Industrial process variable instruments manufacturing
252 Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices manufacturing
253 Electricity and signal testing instruments manufacturing
254 Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing                                                                               
255 Irradiation apparatus manufacturing                                                                                          
256 Watch, clock, and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing
257 Software, audio, and video media reproducing 
258 Magnetic and optical recording media manufacturing                                                                           
259 Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing                                                                                    
260 Lighting fixture manufacturing                                                                                               
261 Small electrical appliance manufacturing                                                                                     
262 Household cooking appliance manufacturing                                                                                    
263 Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing                                                                        
264 Household laundry equipment manufacturing                                                                                    
265 Other major household appliance manufacturing                                                                                
266 Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing                                                                       
267 Motor and generator manufacturing                                                                                            
268 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing                                                                           
269 Relay and industrial control manufacturing                                                                                   
270 Storage battery manufacturing                                                                                                
271 Primary battery manufacturing                                                                                                
272 Communication and energy wire and cable manufacturing                                                                        
273 Wiring device manufacturing                                                                                                  
274 Carbon and graphite product manufacturing                                                                                    
275 All other miscellaneous electrical equipment and component manufacturing
276 Automobile manufacturing                                                                                                     
277 Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing 
278 Heavy duty truck manufacturing                                                                                               
279 Motor vehicle body manufacturing                                                                                             
280 Truck trailer manufacturing                                                                                                  
281 Motor home manufacturing                                                                                                     
282 Travel trailer and camper manufacturing                                                                                      
283 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing                                                                                            
284 Aircraft manufacturing                                                                                                       
285 Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing                                                                               
286 Other aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment manufacturing
287 Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing                                                                               
288 Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles
289 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing                                                                                         
290 Ship building and repairing                                                                                                  
291 Boat building                                                                                                                
292 Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing                                                                                 
293 Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank component manufacturing
294 All other transportation equipment manufacturing
295 Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing                                                                            
296 Upholstered household furniture manufacturing                                                                                
297 Nonupholstered wood household furniture manufacturing                                                                        
298 Metal and other household furniture (except wood) manufacturing1
299 Institutional furniture manufacturing                                                                                        
300 Wood television, radio, and sewing machine cabinet manufacturing1
301 Office furniture and custom architectural woodwork and millwork manufacturing1
302 Showcase, partition, shelving, and locker manufacturing  
303 Mattress manufacturing  
304 Blind and shade manufacturing   
305 Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing                                                                                
306 Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing                                                                                
307 Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing                                                                                  
308 Ophthalmic goods manufacturing                                                                                               
309 Dental laboratories                                                                                                          
310 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing                                                                                         
311 Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing                                                                                    
312 Doll, toy, and game manufacturing                                                                                            
313 Office supplies (except paper) manufacturing                                                                                 
314 Sign manufacturing                                                                                                           
315 Gasket, packing, and sealing device manufacturing                                                                            
316 Musical instrument manufacturing                                                                                             
317 All other miscellaneous manufacturing                                                                                        
318 Broom, brush, and mop manufacturing                                                                                          
319 Wholesale trade                                                                                                              
320 Retail – Motor vehicle and parts
321 Retail – Furniture and home furnishings
322 Retail – Electronics and appliances
323 Retail – Building material and garden supply
324 Retail – Food and beverage
325 Retail – Health and personal care
326 Retail – Gasoline stations
327 Retail – Clothing and clothing accessories
328 Retail – Sporting goods, hobby, book and music
329 Retail – General merchandise
330 Retail – Miscellaneous
331 Retail – Nonstore
332 Air transportation                                                                                                           
333 Rail transportation                                                                                                          
334 Water transportation                                                                                                         
335 Truck transportation                                                                                                         
336 Transit and ground passenger transportation                                                                                  
337 Pipeline transportation                                                                                                      
338 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation                                              
339 Couriers and messengers                                                                                                      
340 Warehousing and storage                                                                                                      
341 Newspaper publishers                                                                                                         
342 Periodical publishers                                                                                                        
343 Book publishers                                                                                                              
344 Directory, mailing list, and other publishers                                                                                
345 Software publishers                                                                                                          
346 Motion picture and video industries                                                                                          
347 Sound recording industries                                                                                                   
348 Radio and television broadcasting                                                                                            
349 Cable and other subscription programming                                                                                     
350 Internet publishing and broadcasting                                                                                         
351 Telecommunications                                                                                                           
352 Data processing, hosting, and related services                                                                               
353 Other information services                                                                                                   
354 Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation                                                                    
355 Nondepository credit intermediation and related activities
356 Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and related activities                                   
357 Insurance carriers                                                                                                           
358 Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related activities
359 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles                                                                                  
360 Real estate                                                                                                                  
361 Imputed rental value for owner-occupied dwellings
362 Automotive equipment rental and leasing                                                                                      
363 General and consumer goods rental except video tapes and discs                                                               
364 Video tape and disc rental                                                                                                   
365 Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing                                      
366 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets                                                                                    
367 Legal services                                                                                                               
368 Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services                                             
369 Architectural, engineering, and related services                                          
370 Specialized design services                                                                                                  
371 Custom computer programming services                                                                                         
372 Computer systems design services                                                                                             
373 Other computer related services, including facilities management                                                             
374 Management, scientific, and technical consulting services
375 Environmental and other technical consulting services                                                                        
376 Scientific research and development services                                                                                 
377 Advertising and related services                                                                                             
378 Photographic services                                                                                                        
379 Veterinary services                                                                                                          
380 All other miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services                                                                  
381 Management of companies and enterprises                                                                                      
382 Employment services                                                                                                          
383 Travel arrangement and reservation services                                                                                  
384 Office administrative services                                                                                               
385 Facilities support services                                                                                                  
386 Business support services                                                                                                    
387 Investigation and security services                                                                                          
388 Services to buildings and dwellings                                                                                          
389 Other support services                                                                                                       
390 Waste management and remediation services                                                                                    
391 Elementary and secondary schools                                                                                             
392 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools
393 Other educational services                                                                                                   
394 Offices of physicians, dentists, and other health practitioners                                                              
395 Home health care services                                                                                                    
396 Medical and diagnostic labs and outpatient and other ambulatory care services
397 Hospitals                                                                                                                    
398 Nursing and residential care facilities                                                                                      
399 Child day care services                                                                                                      
400 Individual and family services                                                                                               
401 Community food, housing, and other relief services, including rehabilitation services
402 Performing arts companies                                                                                                    
403 Spectator sports                                                                                                             
404 Promoters of performing arts and sports and agents for public figures                                                        
405 Independent artists, writers, and performers                                                                                 
406 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks                                                                                   
407 Fitness and recreational sports centers  
408 Bowling centers                                                                                                              
409 Amusement parks, arcades, and gambling industries
410 Other amusement and recreation industries
411 Hotels and motels, including casino hotels                                                                                   
412 Other accommodations                                                                                                         
413 Food services and drinking places                                                                                            
414 Automotive repair and maintenance, except car washes                                                                         
415 Car washes                                                                                                                   
416 Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance
417 Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance
418 Personal and household goods repair and maintenance
419 Personal care services                                                                                                       
420 Death care services                                                                                                          
421 Dry-cleaning and laundry services                                                                                             
422 Other personal services                                                                                                      
423 Religious organizations                                                                                                      
424 Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations
425 Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations
426 Private households                                                                                                           
427 Postal service
428 Federal electric utilities
429 Other Federal Government enterprises
430 State and local government passenger transit
431 State and local government electric utilities
432 Other state and local government enterprises
433 *Not an industry (Used and secondhand goods)
434 *Not an industry (Scrap)                                                                         
435 *Not an industry (Rest of the world adjustment)
436 *Not an industry (Noncomparable imports)                                                        
437 Employment and payroll for SL Government Non-Education
438 Employment and payroll for SL Government Education
439 Employment and payroll for Federal Non-Military
440 Employment and payroll for Federal Military

 

 509 Sectoring Scheme (2006, 2004-2001)

IMPLAN Sector IMPLAN Description 
1 Oilseed farming
2 Grain farming
2 Grain farming
2 Grain farming
3 Vegetable and melon farming
4 Tree nut farming
5 Fruit farming
6 Greenhouse and nursery production
7 Tobacco farming
8 Cotton farming
9 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming
10 All other crop farming
10 All other crop farming
11 Cattle ranching and farming
11 Cattle ranching and farming
11 Cattle ranching and farming
11 Cattle ranching and farming
12 Poultry and egg production
13 Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs
13 Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs
13 Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs
13 Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs
14 Logging
15 Forest nurseries, forest products, and timber tracts
15 Forest nurseries, forest products, and timber tracts
16 Fishing
17 Hunting and trapping
18 Agriculture and forestry support activities
18 Agriculture and forestry support activities
19 Oil and gas extraction
19 Oil and gas extraction
20 Coal mining
21 Iron ore mining
22 Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining
22 Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining
23 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining
23 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining
23 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining
23 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining
23 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining
24 Stone mining and quarrying
25 Sand, gravel, clay, and refractory mining
25 Sand, gravel, clay, and refractory mining
26 Other nonmetallic mineral mining
26 Other nonmetallic mineral mining
26 Other nonmetallic mineral mining
26 Other nonmetallic mineral mining
26 Other nonmetallic mineral mining
27 Drilling oil and gas wells
28 Support activities for oil and gas operations
29 Support activities for other mining
30 Power generation and supply
31 Natural gas distribution
32 Water, sewage and other systems
33 New residential 1-unit structures, nonfarm
34 New multifamily housing structures, nonfarm
35 New residential additions and alterations, nonfarm
36 New farm housing units and additions and alterations
37 Manufacturing and industrial buildings
38 Commercial and institutional buildings
39 Highway, street, bridge, and tunnel construction
40 Water, sewer, and pipeline construction
41 Other new construction
42 Maintenance and repair of farm and nonfarm residential structures
43 Maintenance and repair of nonresidential buildings
44 Maintenance and repair of highways, streets, bridges, and tunnels
45 Other maintenance and repair construction
46 Dog and cat food manufacturing
47 Other animal food manufacturing
48 Flour milling
49 Rice milling
50 Malt manufacturing
51 Wet corn milling
52 Soybean processing
53 Other oilseed processing
53 Other oilseed processing
54 Fats and oils refining and blending
54 Fats and oils refining and blending
55 Breakfast cereal manufacturing
56 Sugar manufacturing
57 Confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans
58 Confectionery manufacturing from purchased chocolate
59 Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing
59 Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing
60 Frozen food manufacturing
60 Frozen food manufacturing
61 Fruit and vegetable canning and drying
61 Fruit and vegetable canning and drying
62 Fluid milk manufacturing
63 Creamery butter manufacturing
64 Cheese manufacturing
65 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products
66 Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing
67 Animal, except poultry, slaughtering
68 Meat processed from carcasses
69 Rendering and meat byproduct processing
69 Rendering and meat byproduct processing
70 Poultry processing
71 Seafood product preparation and packaging
71 Seafood product preparation and packaging
72 Frozen cakes and other pastries manufacturing
73 Bread and bakery product, except frozen, manufacturing
74 Cookie and cracker manufacturing
75 Mixes and dough made from purchased flour
76 Dry pasta manufacturing
77 Tortilla manufacturing
78 Roasted nuts and peanut butter manufacturing
79 Other snack food manufacturing
80 Coffee and tea manufacturing
81 Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing
82 Mayonnaise, dressing, and sauce manufacturing
83 Spice and extract manufacturing
84 All other food manufacturing
85 Soft drink and ice manufacturing
85 Soft drink and ice manufacturing
86 Breweries
87 Wineries
88 Distilleries
89 Tobacco stemming and redrying
90 Cigarette manufacturing
91 Other tobacco product manufacturing
91 Other tobacco product manufacturing
92 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills
92 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills
93 Broadwoven fabric mills
94 Narrow fabric mills and schiffli embroidery
95 Nonwoven fabric mills
96 Knit fabric mills
97 Textile and fabric finishing mills
98 Fabric coating mills
99 Carpet and rug mills
100 Curtain and linen mills
100 Curtain and linen mills
101 Textile bag and canvas mills
101 Textile bag and canvas mills
102 Tire cord and tire fabric mills
103 Other miscellaneous textile product mills
103 Other miscellaneous textile product mills
103 Other miscellaneous textile product mills
103 Other miscellaneous textile product mills
103 Other miscellaneous textile product mills
103 Other miscellaneous textile product mills
104 Sheer hosiery mills
105 Other hosiery and sock mills
106 Other apparel knitting mills
106 Other apparel knitting mills
106 Other apparel knitting mills
107 Cut and sew apparel manufacturing
108 Accessories and other apparel manufacturing
109 Leather and hide tanning and finishing
110 Footwear manufacturing
110 Footwear manufacturing
110 Footwear manufacturing
110 Footwear manufacturing
111 Other leather product manufacturing
111 Other leather product manufacturing
111 Other leather product manufacturing
111 Other leather product manufacturing
111 Other leather product manufacturing
112 Sawmills
113 Wood preservation
114 Reconstituted wood product manufacturing
115 Veneer and plywood manufacturing
116 Engineered wood member and truss manufacturing
117 Wood windows and door manufacturing
118 Cut stock, resawing lumber, and planing
119 Other millwork, including flooring
119 Other millwork, including flooring
120 Wood container and pallet manufacturing
120 Wood container and pallet manufacturing
121 Manufactured home, mobile home, manufacturing
122 Prefabricated wood building manufacturing
123 Miscellaneous wood product manufacturing
124 Pulp mills
125 Paper and paperboard mills
125 Paper and paperboard mills
126 Paperboard container manufacturing
127 Flexible packaging foil manufacturing
128 Surface-coated paperboard manufactuing
129 Coated and laminated paper and packaging materials
129 Coated and laminated paper and packaging materials
130 Coated and uncoated paper bag manufacturing
130 Coated and uncoated paper bag manufacturing
131 Die-cut paper office supplies manufacturing
132 Envelope manufacturing
133 Stationery and related product manufacturing
134 Sanitary paper product manufacturing
135 All other converted paper product manufacturing
136 Manifold business forms printing
137 Books printing
138 Blankbook and looseleaf binder manufacturing
139 Commercial printing
140 Tradebinding and related work
141 Prepress services
141 Prepress services
142 Petroleum refineries
143 Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing
144 Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing
145 Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing
146 All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing
147 Petrochemical manufacturing
148 Industrial gas manufacturing
149 Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing
150 Other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
150 Other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
151 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing
152 Plastics material and resin manufacturing
153 Synthetic rubber manufacturing
154 Cellulosic organic fiber manufacturing
155 Noncellulosic organic fiber manufacturing
156 Nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing
157 Phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing
158 Fertilizer, mixing only, manufacturing
159 Pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
160 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
161 Paint and coating manufacturing
162 Adhesive manufacturing
163 Soap and other detergent manufacturing
164 Polish and other sanitation good manufacturing
165 Surface active agent manufacturing
166 Toilet preparation manufacturing
167 Printing ink manufacturing
168 Explosives manufacturing
169 Custom compounding of purchased resins
170 Photographic film and chemical manufacturing
171 Other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing
172 Plastics packaging materials, film and sheet
173 Plastics pipe, fittings, and profile shapes
174 Laminated plastics plate, sheet, and shapes
175 Plastics bottle manufacturing
176 Resilient floor covering manufacturing
177 Plastics plumbing fixtures and all other plastics products
178 Foam product manufacturing
179 Tire manufacturing
180 Rubber and plastics hose and belting manufacturing
181 Other rubber product manufacturing
182 Vitreous china plumbing fixture manufacturing
183 Vitreous china and earthenware articles manufacturing
183 Vitreous china and earthenware articles manufacturing
183 Vitreous china and earthenware articles manufacturing
184 Porcelain electrical supply manufacturing
185 Brick and structural clay tile manufacturing
186 Ceramic wall and floor tile manufacturing
187 Nonclay refractory manufacturing
188 Clay refractory and other structural clay products
188 Clay refractory and other structural clay products
189 Glass container manufacturing
190 Glass and glass products, except glass containers
191 Cement manufacturing
192 Ready-mix concrete manufacturing
193 Concrete block and brick manufacturing
194 Concrete pipe manufacturing
195 Other concrete product manufacturing
196 Lime manufacturing
197 Gypsum product manufacturing
198 Abrasive product manufacturing
199 Cut stone and stone product manufacturing
200 Ground or treated minerals and earths manufacturing
201 Mineral wool manufacturing
202 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products
202 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products
203 Iron and steel mills
204 Ferroalloy and related product manufacturing
205 Iron, steel pipe and tube from purchased steel
206 Rolled steel shape manufacturing
207 Steel wire drawing
208 Alumina refining
209 Primary aluminum production
210 Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum
211 Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil manufacturing
212 Aluminum extruded product manufacturing
213 Other aluminum rolling and drawing
214 Primary smelting and refining of copper
215 Primary nonferrous metal, except copper and aluminum
216 Copper rolling, drawing, and extruding
217 Copper wire, except mechanical, drawing
218 Secondary processing of copper
219 Nonferrous metal, except copper and aluminum, shaping
220 Secondary processing of other nonferrous
220 Secondary processing of other nonferrous
221 Ferrous metal foundaries
222 Aluminum foundries
223 Nonferrous foundries, except aluminum
223 Nonferrous foundries, except aluminum
224 Iron and steel forging
225 Nonferrous forging
226 Custom roll forming
227 All other forging and stamping
227 All other forging and stamping
228 Cutlery and flatware, except precious, manufacturing
229 Hand and edge tool manufacturing
230 Saw blade and handsaw manufacturing
231 Kitchen utensil, pot, and pan manufacturing
232 Prefabricated metal buildings and components
233 Fabricated structural metal manufacturing
234 Plate work manufacturing
235 Metal window and door manufacturing
236 Sheet metal work manufacturing
237 Ornamental and architectural metal work manufacturing
238 Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing
239 Metal tank, heavy gauge, manufacturing
240 Metal can, box, and other container manufacturing
241 Hardware manufacturing
242 Spring and wire product manufacturing
242 Spring and wire product manufacturing
243 Machine shops
244 Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing
245 Metal heat treating
246 Metal coating and nonprecious engraving
247 Electroplating, anodizing, and coloring metal
248 Metal valve manufacturing
248 Metal valve manufacturing
249 Ball and roller bearing manufacturing
250 Small arms manufacturing
251 Other ordnance and accessories manufacturing
252 Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
253 Industrial pattern manufacturing
254 Enameled iron and metal sanitary ware manufacturing
255 Miscellaneous fabricated metal product manufacturing
256 Ammunition manufacturing
256 Ammunition manufacturing
257 Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing
258 Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing
259 Construction machinery manufacturing
260 Mining machinery and equipment manufacturing
261 Oil and gas field machinery and equipment
262 Sawmill and woodworking machinery
263 Plastics and rubber industry machinery
264 Paper industry machinery manufacturing
265 Textile machinery manufacturing
266 Printing machinery and equipment manufacturing
267 Food product machinery manufacturing
268 Semiconductor machinery manufacturing
269 All other industrial machinery manufacturing
270 Office machinery manufacturing
270 Office machinery manufacturing
271 Optical instrument and lens manufacturing
272 Photographic and photocopying equipment manufacturing
273 Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing
273 Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing
274 Automatic vending, commercial laundry and drycleaning machinery
274 Automatic vending, commercial laundry and drycleaning machinery
275 Air purification equipment manufacturing
276 Industrial and commercial fan and blower manufacturing
277 Heating equipment, except warm air furnaces
278 AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating
279 Industrial mold manufacturing
280 Metal cutting machine tool manufacturing
281 Metal forming machine tool manufacturing
282 Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing
283 Cutting tool and machine tool accessory manufacturing
284 Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery
284 Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery
285 Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing
286 Other engine equipment manufacturing
287 Speed changers and mechanical power transmission equipment
288 Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing
289 Air and gas compressor manufacturing
290 Measuring and dispensing pump manufacturing
291 Elevator and moving stairway manufacturing
292 Conveyor and conveying equipment manufacturing
293 Overhead cranes, hoists, and monorail systems
294 Industrial truck, trailer, and stacker manufacturing
295 Power-driven handtool manufacturing
296 Welding and soldering equipment manufacturing
297 Packaging machinery manufacturing
298 Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing
299 Fluid power cylinder and actuator manufacturing
300 Fluid power pump and motor manufacturing
301 Scales, balances, and miscellaneous general purpose machinery
302 Electronic computer manufacturing
303 Computer storage device manufacturing
304 Computer terminal manufacturing
305 Other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing
306 Telephone apparatus manufacturing
307 Broadcast and wireless communications equipment
308 Other communications equipment manufacturing
309 Audio and video equipment manufacturing
309 Audio and video equipment manufacturing
310 Electron tube manufacturing
311 Semiconductors and related device manufacturing
312 All other electronic component manufacturing
312 All other electronic component manufacturing
313 Electromedical apparatus manufacturing
314 Search, detection, and navigation instruments
315 Automatic environmental control manufacturing
316 Industrial process variable instruments
317 Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices
318 Electricity and signal testing instruments
319 Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing
320 Irradiation apparatus manufacturing
321 Watch, clock, and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing
322 Software reproducing
323 Audio and video media reproduction
324 Magnetic and optical recording media manufacturing
325 Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing
326 Lighting fixture manufacturing
327 Electric housewares and household fan manufacturing
328 Household vacuum cleaner manufacturing
329 Household cooking appliance manufacturing
330 Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing
331 Household laundry equipment manufacturing
332 Other major household appliance manufacturing
333 Electric power and specialty transformer manufacturing
334 Motor and generator manufacturing
335 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing
336 Relay and industrial control manufacturing
337 Storage battery manufacturing
338 Primary battery manufacturing
339 Fiber optic cable manufacturing
340 Other communication and energy wire manufacturing
341 Wiring device manufacturing
342 Carbon and graphite product manufacturing
343 Miscellaneous electrical equipment manufacturing
343 Miscellaneous electrical equipment manufacturing
344 Automobile and light truck manufacturing
345 Heavy duty truck manufacturing
345 Heavy duty truck manufacturing
346 Motor vehicle body manufacturing
347 Truck trailer manufacturing
348 Motor home manufacturing
349 Travel trailer and camper manufacturing
350 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing
350 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing
350 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing
350 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing
351 Aircraft manufacturing
352 Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing
353 Other aircraft parts and equipment
354 Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing
355 Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles
356 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing
357 Ship building and repairing
358 Boat building
359 Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing
360 Military armored vehicles and tank parts manufacturing
361 All other transportation equipment manufacturing
362 Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing
363 Upholstered household furniture manufacturing
364 Nonupholstered wood household furniture manufacturing
365 Metal household furniture manufacturing
366 Institutional furniture manufacturing
367 Other household and institutional furniture
367 Other household and institutional furniture
367 Other household and institutional furniture
368 Wood office furniture manufacturing
369 Custom architectural woodwork and millwork
370 Office furniture, except wood, manufacturing
371 Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers
371 Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers
372 Mattress manufacturing
373 Blind and shade manufacturing
374 Laboratory apparatus and furniture manufacturing
375 Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing
376 Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing
377 Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing
378 Ophthalmic goods manufacturing
379 Dental laboratories
380 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing
380 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing
380 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing
380 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing
381 Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing
382 Doll, toy, and game manufacturing
382 Doll, toy, and game manufacturing
383 Office supplies, except paper, manufacturing
383 Office supplies, except paper, manufacturing
383 Office supplies, except paper, manufacturing
383 Office supplies, except paper, manufacturing
384 Sign manufacturing
385 Gasket, packing, and sealing device manufacturing
386 Musical instrument manufacturing
387 Broom, brush, and mop manufacturing
388 Burial casket manufacturing
389 Buttons, pins, and all other miscellaneous manufacturing
389 Buttons, pins, and all other miscellaneous manufacturing
390 Wholesale trade
391 Air transportation
392 Rail transportation
393 Water transportation
394 Truck transportation
395 Transit and ground passenger transportation
396 Pipeline transportation
397 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation
398 Postal service
399 Couriers and messengers
400 Warehousing and storage
401 Motor vehicle and parts dealers
402 Furniture and home furnishings stores
403 Electronics and appliance stores
404 Building material and garden supply stores
405 Food and beverage stores
406 Health and personal care stores
407 Gasoline stations
408 Clothing and clothing accessories stores
409 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores
410 General merchandise stores
411 Miscellaneous store retailers
412 Nonstore retailers
413 Newpaper publishers
414 Periodical publishers
415 Book publishers
416 Database, directory, and other publishers
416 Database, directory, and other publishers
417 Software publishers
418 Motion picture and video industries
419 Sound recording industries
420 Radio and television broadcasting
421 Cable networks and program distribution
422 Telecommunications
423 Information services
424 Data processing services
425 Nondepository credit intermediation and  related activities
426 Securities, commodity contracts, investments
427 Insurance carriers
428 Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related
429 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles
430 Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation
431 Real estate
432 Automotive equipment rental and leasing
433 Video tape and disc rental
434 Machinery and equipment rental and leasing
435 General and consumer goods rental except video tapes and discs
436 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
437 Legal services
438 Accounting and bookkeeping services
439 Architectural and engineering services
440 Specialized design services
441 Custom computer programming services
442 Computer systems design services
443 Other computer related services, including facilities management
444 Management consulting services
445 Environmental and other technical consulting services
446 Scientific research and development services
447 Advertising and related services
448 Photographic services
449 Veterinary services
450 All other miscellaneous professional and technical services
451 Management of companies and enterprises
452 Office administrative services
453 Facilities support services
454 Employment services
455 Business support services
456 Travel arrangement and reservation services
457 Investigation and security services
458 Services to buildings and dwellings
459 Other support services
460 Waste management and remediation services
461 Elementary and secondary schools
462 Colleges, universities, and junior colleges
463 Other educational services
464 Home health care services
465 Offices of physicians, dentists, and other health practioners
466 Other ambulatory health care services
467 Hospitals
468 Nursing and residential care facilities
469 Child day care services
470 Social assistance, except child day care services
471 Performing arts companies
472 Spectator sports
473 Independent artists, writers, and performers
474 Promoters of performing arts and sports and agents for public figures
475 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks
476 Fitness and recreational sports centers
477 Bowling centers
478 Other amusement, gambling, and recreation industries
479 Hotels and motels, including casino hotels
480 Other accommodations
481 Food services and drinking places
482 Car washes
483 Automotive repair and maintenance, except car washes
484 Electronic equipment repair and maintenance
485 Commercial machinery repair and maintenance
486 Household goods repair and maintenance
487 Personal care services
488 Death care services
489 Drycleaning and laundry services
490 Other personal services
491 Religious organizations
492 Grantmaking and giving and social advocacy organizations
493 Civic, social, professional and similar organizations
494 Private households
495 Federal electric utilities
496 Other Federal Government enterprises
497 State and local government passenger transit
498 State and local government electric utilities
499 Other State and local government enterprises
500 Noncomparable imports
501 Scrap
502 Used and secondhand goods
503 State & Local Education
504 State & Local Non-Education
505 Federal Military
506 Federal Non-Military
507 Rest of the world adjustment to final uses
508 Inventory valuation adjustment
509 Owner-occupied dwellings

 

 528 Sectoring Scheme (2000- 1996)

IMPLAN Sectors IMPLAN Descriptions
1 DAIRY FARM PRODUCTS
2 POULTRY AND EGGS
3 RANCH FED CATTLE
4 RANGE FED CATTLE
5 CATTLE FEEDLOTS
6 SHEEP, LAMBS AND GOATS
7 HOGS, PIGS AND SWINE
8 OTHER MEAT ANIMAL PRODUCTS
9 MISCELLANEOUS LIVESTOCK
10 COTTON
11 FOOD GRAINS
12 FEED GRAINS
13 HAY AND PASTURE
14 GRASS SEEDS
15 TOBACCO
16 FRUITS
17 TREE NUTS
18 VEGETABLES
19 SUGAR CROPS
20 MISCELLANEOUS CROPS
21 OIL BEARING CROPS
22 FOREST PRODUCTS
23 GREENHOUSE AND NURSERY PRODUCTS
24 FORESTRY PRODUCTS
25 COMMERCIAL FISHING
26 AGRICULTURAL, FORESTRY, FISHERY SERVICES
27 LANDSCAPE AND HORTICULTURAL SERVICES
28 IRON ORES
29 COPPER ORES
30 LEAD AND ZINC ORES
  IMPLAN Sector Name
31 GOLD ORES
32 SILVER ORES
33 FERROALLOY ORES, EXCEPT VANADIUM
34 METAL MINING SERVICES
35 URANIUM-RADIUM-VANADIUM ORES
36 METAL ORES, NOT ELSWHERE CLASSIFIED
37 COAL MINING
38 NATURAL GAS & CRUDE PETROLEUM
39 NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS
40 DIMENSION STONE
41 SAND AND GRAVEL
42 CLAY, CERAMIC, REFRACTORY MINERALS, N.E.C.
43 POTASH, SODA, AND BORATE MINERALS
44 PHOSPHATE ROCK
45 CHEMICAL, FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING, N.E.C.
46 NONMETALLIC MINERALS (EXCEPT FUELS) SERVICE
47 MISC. NONMETALLIC MINERALS, N.E.C.
48 NEW RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES
49 NEW INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
50 NEW UTILITY STRUCTURES
51 NEW HIGHWAYS AND STREETS
52 NEW FARM STRUCTURES
53 NEW MINERAL EXTRACTION FACILITIES
54 NEW GOVERNMENT FACILITIES
55 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR, RESIDENTIAL
56 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OTHER FACILITIES
57 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OIL AND GAS WELLS
58 MEAT PACKING PLANTS
59 SAUSAGES AND OTHER PREPARED MEATS
60 POULTRY PROCESSING
61 CREAMERY BUTTER
62 CHEESE, NATURAL AND PROCESSED
63 CONDENSED AND EVAPORATED MILK
64 ICE CREAM AND FROZEN DESSERTS
65 FLUID MILK
66 CANNED SPECIALTIES
67 CANNED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
68 DEHYDRATED FOOD PRODUCTS
69 PICKLES, SAUCES, AND SALAD DRESSINGS
70 FROZEN FRUITS, JUICES AND VEGETABLES
71 FROZEN SPECIALTIES
72 FLOUR AND OTHER GRAIN MILL PRODUCTS
73 CEREAL PREPARATIONS
74 RICE MILLING
75 BLENDED AND PREPARED FLOUR
76 WET CORN MILLING
77 DOG, CAT, AND OTHER PET FOOD
78 PREPARED FEEDS, N.E.C
79 BREAD, CAKE, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
80 COOKIES AND CRACKERS
81 SUGAR
82 CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS
83 CHOCOLATE AND COCOA PRODUCTS
84 CHEWING GUM
85 SALTED AND ROASTED NUTS & SEEDS
86 COTTONSEED OIL MILLS
87 SOYBEAN OIL MILLS
88 VEGETABLE OIL MILLS, N.E.C
89 ANIMAL AND MARINE FATS AND OILS
90 SHORTENING AND COOKING OILS
91 MALT BEVERAGES
92 MALT
93 WINES, BRANDY, AND BRANDY SPIRITS
94 DISTILLED LIQUOR, EXCEPT BRANDY
95 BOTTLED AND CANNED SOFT DRINKS & WATER
  IMPLAN Sector Name
96 FLAVORING EXTRACTS AND SYRUPS, N.E.C
97 CANNED AND CURED SEA FOODS
98 PREPARED FRESH OR FROZEN FISH OR SEAFOOD
99 ROASTED COFFEE
100 POTATO CHIPS & SIMILAR SNACKS
101 MANUFACTURED ICE
102 MACARONI AND SPAGHETTI
103 FOOD PREPARATIONS, N.E.C
104 CIGARETTES
105 CIGARS
106 CHEWING AND SMOKING TOBACCO
107 TOBACCO STEMMING AND REDRYING
108 BROADWOVEN FABRIC MILLS AND FINISHING
109 NARROW FABRIC MILLS
110 WOMENS HOSIERY, EXCEPT SOCKS
111 HOSIERY, N.E.C
112 KNIT OUTERWEAR MILLS
113 KNIT UNDERWEAR MILLS
114 KNIT FABRIC MILLS
115 KNITTING MILLS, N.E.C
116 YARN MILLS AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES NEC
117 CARPETS AND RUGS
118 THREAD MILLS
119 COATED FABRICS, NOT RUBBERIZED
120 TIRE CORD AND FABRIC
121 NONWOVEN FABRICS
122 CORDAGE AND TWINE
123 TEXTILE GOODS, N.E.C
124 APPAREL MADE FROM PURCHASED MATERIALS
125 CURTAINS AND DRAPERIES
126 HOUSEFURNISHINGS, N.E.C
127 TEXTILE BAGS
128 CANVAS PRODUCTS
129 PLEATING AND STITCHING
130 AUTOMOTIVE AND APPAREL TRIMMINGS
131 SCHIFFI MACHINE EMBROIDERIES
132 FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS, N.E.C
133 LOGGING CAMPS AND LOGGING CONTRACTORS
134 SAWMILLS AND PLANING MILLS, GENERAL
135 HARDWOOD DIMENSION AND FLOORING MILLS
136 SPECIAL PRODUCT SAWMILLS, N.E.C
137 MILLWORK
138 WOOD KITCHEN CABINETS
139 VENEER AND PLYWOOD
140 STRUCTURAL WOOD MEMBERS, N.E.C
141 WOOD CONTAINERS
142 WOOD PALLETS AND SKIDS
143 MOBILE HOMES
144 PREFABRICATED WOOD BUILDINGS
145 WOOD PRESERVING
146 RECONSTITUTED WOOD PRODUCTS
147 WOOD PRODUCTS, N.E.C
148 WOOD HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE
149 UPHOLSTERED HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE
150 METAL HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE
151 MATTRESSES AND BEDSPRINGS
152 WOOD TV AND RADIO CABINETS
153 HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, N.E.C
154 WOOD OFFICE FURNITURE
155 METAL OFFICE FURNITURE
156 PUBLIC BUILDING FURNITURE
157 WOOD PARTITIONS AND FIXTURES
158 METAL PARTITIONS AND FIXTURES
159 BLINDS, SHADES, AND DRAPERY HARDWARE
  IMPLAN Sector Name
160 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES, N.E.C
161 PULP MILLS
162 PAPER MILLS, EXCEPT BUILDING PAPER
163 PAPERBOARD MILLS
164 PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES
165 PAPER COATED & LAMINATED PACKAGING
166 PAPER COATED & LAMINATED NEC
167 BAGS, PLASTIC
168 BAGS, PAPER
169 DIE-CUT PAPER AND BOARD
170 SANITARY PAPER PRODUCTS
171 ENVELOPES
172 STATIONERY PRODUCTS
173 CONVERTED PAPER PRODUCTS, N.E.C
174 NEWSPAPERS
175 PERIODICALS
176 BOOK PUBLISHING
177 BOOK PRINTING
178 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLISHING
179 COMMERCIAL PRINTING
180 MANIFOLD BUSINESS FORMS
181 GREETING CARD PUBLISHING
182 BLANKBOOKS AND LOOSELEAF BINDERS
183 BOOKBINDING & RELATED
184 TYPESETTING
185 PLATE MAKING
186 ALKALIES & CHLORINE
187 INDUSTRIAL GASES
188 INORGANIC PIGMENTS
189 INORGANIC CHEMICALS NEC.
190 CYCLIC CRUDES, INTERM. & INDUS. ORGANIC CHEM.
191 PLASTICS MATERIALS AND RESINS
192 SYNTHETIC RUBBER
193 CELLULOSIC MAN-MADE FIBERS
194 ORGANIC FIBERS, NONCELLULOSIC
195 DRUGS
196 SOAP AND OTHER DETERGENTS
197 POLISHES AND SANITATION GOODS
198 SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS
199 TOILET PREPARATIONS
200 PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
201 GUM AND WOOD CHEMICALS
202 NITROGENOUS AND PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS
203 FERTILIZERS, MIXING ONLY
204 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, N.E.C
205 ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS
206 EXPLOSIVES
207 PRINTING INK
208 CARBON BLACK
209 CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS, N.E.C
210 PETROLEUM REFINING
211 PAVING MIXTURES AND BLOCKS
212 ASPHALT FELTS AND COATINGS
213 LUBRICATING OILS AND GREASES
214 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
215 TIRES AND INNER TUBES
216 RUBBER AND PLASTICS FOOTWEAR
217 RUBBER AND PLASTICS HOSE AND BELTING
218 GASKETS, PACKING AND SEALING DEVICES
219 FABRICATED RUBBER PRODUCTS, N.E.C
220 MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS
221 LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING
222 FOOTWEAR CUT STOCK
223 HOUSE SLIPPERS
224 SHOES, EXCEPT RUBBER
225 LEATHER GLOVES AND MITTENS
  IMPLAN Sector Name
226 LUGGAGE
227 WOMENS HANDBAGS AND PURSES
228 PERSONAL LEATHER GOODS
229 LEATHER GOODS, N.E.C
230 GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS, EXC CONTAINERS
231 GLASS CONTAINERS
232 CEMENT, HYDRAULIC
233 BRICK AND STRUCTURAL CLAY TILE
234 CERAMIC WALL AND FLOOR TILE
235 CLAY REFRACTORIES
236 STRUCTURAL CLAY PRODUCTS, N.E.C
237 VITREOUS PLUMBING FIXTURES
238 VITREOUS CHINA FOOD UTENSILS
239 FINE EARTHENWARE FOOD UTENSILS
240 PORCELAIN ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES
241 POTTERY PRODUCTS, N.E.C
242 CONCRETE BLOCK AND BRICK
243 CONCRETE PRODUCTS, N.E.C
244 READY-MIXED CONCRETE
245 LIME
246 GYPSUM PRODUCTS
247 CUT STONE AND STONE PRODUCTS
248 ABRASIVE PRODUCTS
249 ASBESTOS PRODUCTS
250 MINERALS, GROUND OR TREATED
251 MINERAL WOOL
252 NONCLAY REFRACTORIES
253 NONMETALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS, N.E.C
254 BLAST FURNACES AND STEEL MILLS
255 ELECTROMETALLURGICAL PRODUCTS
256 STEEL WIRE AND RELATED PRODUCTS
257 COLD FINISHING OF STEEL SHAPES
258 STEEL PIPE AND TUBES
259 IRON AND STEEL FOUNDRIES
260 PRIMARY COPPER
261 PRIMARY ALUMINUM
262 PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS, N.E.C
263 SECONDARY NONFERROUS METALS
264 COPPER ROLLING AND DRAWING
265 ALUMINUM ROLLING AND DRAWING
266 NONFERROUS ROLLING AND DRAWING, N.E.C
267 NONFERROUS WIRE DRAWING AND INSULATING
268 ALUMINUM FOUNDRIES
269 BRASS, BRONZE, AND COPPER FOUNDRIES
270 NONFERROUS CASTINGS, N.E.C.
271 METAL HEAT TREATING
272 PRIMARY METAL PRODUCTS, N.E.C
273 METAL CANS
274 METAL BARRELS, DRUMS AND PAILS
275 CUTLERY
276 HAND AND EDGE TOOLS, N.E.C.
277 HAND SAWS AND SAW BLADES
278 HARDWARE, N.E.C.
279 METAL SANITARY WARE
280 PLUMBING FIXTURE FITTINGS AND TRIM
281 HEATING EQUIPMENT, EXCEPT ELECTRIC
282 FABRICATED STRUCTURAL METAL
283 METAL DOORS, SASH, AND TRIM
284 FABRICATED PLATE WORK (BOILER SHOPS)
285 SHEET METAL WORK
286 ARCHITECTURAL METAL WORK
287 PREFABRICATED METAL BUILDINGS
288 MISCELLANEOUS METAL WORK
289 SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS, ETC
290 IRON AND STEEL FORGINGS
291 NONFERROUS FORGINGS
  IMPLAN Sector Name
292 AUTOMOTIVE STAMPINGS
293 CROWNS AND CLOSURES
294 METAL STAMPINGS, N.E.C.
295 PLATING AND POLISHING
296 METAL COATING AND ALLIED SERVICES
297 SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION
298 AMMUNITION, EXCEPT FOR SMALL ARMS, N.E.C
299 SMALL ARMS
300 OTHER ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES
301 INDUSTRIAL AND FLUID VALVES
302 STEEL SPRINGS, EXCEPT WIRE
303 PIPE, VALVES, AND PIPE FITTINGS
304 MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED WIRE PRODUCTS
305 METAL FOIL AND LEAF
306 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
307 STEAM ENGINES AND TURBINES
308 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, N.E.C.
309 FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
310 LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT
311 CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
312 MINING MACHINERY, EXCEPT OIL FIELD
313 OIL FIELD MACHINERY
314 ELEVATORS AND MOVING STAIRWAYS
315 CONVEYORS AND CONVEYING EQUIPMENT
316 HOISTS, CRANES, AND MONORAILS
317 INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS AND TRACTORS
318 MACHINE TOOLS, METAL CUTTING TYPES
319 MACHINE TOOLS, METAL FORMING TYPES
320 INDUSTRIAL PATTERNS
321 SPECIAL DIES AND TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES
322 POWER DRIVEN HAND TOOLS
323 ROLLING MILL MACHINERY
324 WELDING APPARATUS
325 METALWORKING MACHINERY, N.E.C.
326 TEXTILE MACHINERY
327 WOODWORKING MACHINERY
328 PAPER INDUSTRIES MACHINERY
329 PRINTING TRADES MACHINERY
330 FOOD PRODUCTS MACHINERY
331 SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY NEC
332 PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS
333 BALL AND ROLLER BEARINGS
334 BLOWERS AND FANS
335 PACKAGING MACHINERY
336 POWER TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT
337 INDUSTRIAL FURNACES AND OVENS
338 GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY, N.E.C.
339 ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS
340 COMPUTER STORAGE DEVICES
341 COMPUTER TERMINALS
342 COMPUTER PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT, NEC.
343 CALCULATING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES
344 TYPEWRITERS AND OFFICE MACHINES, N.E.C.
345 AUTOMATIC MERCHANDISING MACHINES
346 COMMERCIAL LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT
347 REFRIGERATION AND HEATING EQUIPMENT
348 MEASURING AND DISPENSING PUMPS
349 SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES, N.E.C.
350 CARBURETORS, PISTONS, RINGS, VALVES
351 FLUID POWER CYLINDERS & ACTUATORS
352 FLUID POWER PUMPS & MOTORS
353 SCALES AND BALANCES
354 INDUSTRIAL MACHINES NEC.
355 TRANSFORMERS
356 SWITCHGEAR AND SWITCHBOARD APPARATUS
357 MOTORS AND GENERATORS
358 CARBON AND GRAPHITE PRODUCTS
  IMPLAN Sector Name
359 RELAYS & INDUSTRIAL CONTROLS
360 ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIAL APPARATUS, N.E.C.
361 HOUSEHOLD COOKING EQUIPMENT
362 HOUSEHOLD REFRIGERATORS AND FREEZERS
363 HOUSEHOLD LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT
364 ELECTRIC HOUSEWARES AND FANS
365 HOUSEHOLD VACUUM CLEANERS
366 HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES, N.E.C.
367 ELECTRIC LAMPS
368 WIRING DEVICES
369 LIGHTING FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT
370 RADIO AND TV RECEIVING SETS
371 PHONOGRAPH RECORDS AND TAPE
372 TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH APPARATUS
373 RADIO AND TV COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
374 COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT NEC
375 ELECTRON TUBES
376 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
377 SEMICONDUCTORS AND RELATED DEVICES
378 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS, N.E.C.
379 STORAGE BATTERIES
380 PRIMARY BATTERIES, DRY AND WET
381 ENGINE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
382 MAGNETIC & OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIA
383 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, N.E.C.
384 MOTOR VEHICLES
385 TRUCK AND BUS BODIES
386 MOTOR VEHICLE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES
387 TRUCK TRAILERS
388 MOTOR HOMES
389 AIRCRAFT
390 AIRCRAFT AND MISSILE ENGINES AND PARTS
391 AIRCRAFT AND MISSILE EQUIPMENT, N.E.C.
392 SHIP BUILDING AND REPAIRING
393 BOAT BUILDING AND REPAIRING
394 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT
395 MOTORCYCLES, BICYCLES, AND PARTS
396 COMPLETE GUIDED MISSILES
397 TRAVEL TRAILERS AND CAMPERS
398 TANKS AND TANK COMPONENTS
399 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT, N.E.C.
400 SEARCH & NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT
401 LABORATORY APPARATUS & FURNITURE
402 AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROLS
403 MECHANICAL MEASURING DEVICES
404 INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURE ELECTRICITY
405 ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
406 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS & LENSES
407 SURGICAL AND MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS
408 SURGICAL APPLIANCES AND SUPPLIES
409 DENTAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
410 X-RAY APPARATUS
411 ELECTROMEDICAL APPARATUS
412 OPHTHALMIC GOODS
413 PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
414 WATCHES, CLOCKS, AND PARTS
415 JEWELRY, PRECIOUS METAL
416 SILVERWARE AND PLATED WARE
417 JEWELERS MATERIALS AND LAPIDARY WORK
418 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
419 DOLLS
420 GAMES, TOYS, AND CHILDRENS VEHICLES
421 SPORTING AND ATHLETIC GOODS, N.E.C.
422 PENS AND MECHANICAL PENCILS
  IMPLAN Sector Name
423 LEAD PENCILS AND ART GOODS
424 MARKING DEVICES
425 CARBON PAPER AND INKED RIBBONS
426 COSTUME JEWELERY
427 FASTENERS, BUTTONS, NEEDLES, PINS
428 BROOMS AND BRUSHES
429 SIGNS AND ADVERTISING DISPLAYS
430 BURIAL CASKETS AND VAULTS
431 HARD SURFACE FLOOR COVERINGS
432 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, N.E.C.
433 RAILROADS AND RELATED SERVICES
434 LOCAL, INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT
435 MOTOR FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND WAREHOUSING
436 WATER TRANSPORTATION
437 AIR TRANSPORTATION
438 PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
439 ARRANGEMENT OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION
440 TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
441 COMMUNICATIONS, EXCEPT RADIO AND TV
442 RADIO AND TV BROADCASTING
443 ELECTRIC SERVICES
444 GAS PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION
445 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE SYSTEMS
446 SANITARY SERVICES AND STEAM SUPPLY
447 WHOLESALE TRADE
448 BUILDING MATERIALS & GARDENING SUPPLIES
449 GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
450 FOOD STORES
451 AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS & SERVICE STATIONS
452 APPAREL & ACCESSORY STORES
453 FURNITURE & HOME FURNISHINGS STORES
454 EATING & DRINKING
455 MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
456 BANKING
457 CREDIT AGENCIES
458 SECURITY AND COMMODITY BROKERS
459 INSURANCE CARRIERS
460 INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS
461 OWNER-OCCUPIED DWELLINGS
462 REAL ESTATE
463 HOTELS AND LODGING PLACES
464 LAUNDRY, CLEANING AND SHOE REPAIR
465 PORTRAIT AND PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIOS
466 BEAUTY AND BARBER SHOPS
467 FUNERAL SERVICE AND CREMATORIES
468 MISCELLANEOUS PERSONAL SERVICES
469 ADVERTISING
470 OTHER BUSINESS SERVICES
471 PHOTOFINISHING, COMMERCIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
472 SERVICES TO BUILDINGS
473 EQUIPMENT RENTAL  AND LEASING
474 PERSONNEL SUPPLY SERVICES
475 COMPUTER AND DATA PROCESSING SERVICES
476 DETECTIVE AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES
477 AUTOMOBILE RENTAL AND LEASING
478 AUTOMOBILE PARKING AND CAR WASH
479 AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES
480 ELECTRICAL REPAIR SERVICES
481 WATCH, CLOCK, JEWELRY AND FURNITURE REPAIR
482 MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SHOPS
483 MOTION PICTURES
484 THEATRICAL PRODUCERS, BANDS ETC.
485 BOWLING ALLEYS AND POOL HALLS
  IMPLAN Sector Name
486 COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXCEPT RACING
487 RACING AND TRACK OPERATION
488 AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES, NEC
489 MEMBERSHIP SPORTS AND RECREATION CLUBS
490 DOCTORS AND DENTISTS
491 NURSING AND PROTECTIVE CARE
492 HOSPITALS
493 OTHER MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES
494 LEGAL SERVICES
495 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS
496 COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES, SCHOOLS
497 OTHER EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
498 JOB TRAININGS & RELATED SERVICES
499 CHILD DAY CARE SERVICES
500 SOCIAL SERVICES, N.E.C.
501 RESIDENTIAL CARE
502 OTHER NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
503 BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS
504 LABOR AND CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS
505 RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS
506 ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES
507 ACCOUNTING, AUDITING AND BOOKKEEPING
508 MANAGEMENT AND CONSULTING SERVICES
509 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT & TESTING SERVICES
510 LOCAL GOVERNMENT PASSENGER TRANSIT
511 STATE AND LOCAL ELECTRIC UTILITIES
512 OTHER STATE AND LOCAL GOVT ENTERPRISES
513 U.S. POSTAL SERVICE
514 FEDERAL ELECTRIC UTILITIES
515 OTHER FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES
516 NONCOMPARABLE IMPORTS
517 SCRAP
518 USED AND SECONDHAND GOODS
519 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT – MILITARY
520 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT – NON-MILITARY
521 COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION
522 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT – EDUCATION
  (pt 82.0000)
523 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT – NON-EDUCATION
524 REST OF THE WORLD INDUSTRY
525 DOMESTIC SERVICES
526 DUMMY
527 DUMMY
528 INVENTORY VALUATION ADJUSTMENT

The Shannon-Weaver Index of Economic Diversity: An Overview and Descriptive Analysis

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DESCRIPTION OF THE SHANNON-WEAVER INDEX

In order for an economy to withstand supply and demand shocks, it must either maintain its competitive advantage or have enough variety of industries to reemploy displaced workers (Malizia and Ke, 1993). While economic specialization takes advantage of economies of scale (Skyes, 1950) and competitive advantage (Diamond and Simon, 1990), the performance of an area dominated by one sector is likely to be closely tied to the performance of that sector, which can become a liability for the area if the core industry suffers a national or regional downturn (Fitchen, 1995). Economic diversity is thought to enhance economic performance by 1) shielding a region from the adverse effects of idiosyncratic economic shocks and 2) increasing the proportion of intermediate and final demand that can be supplied locally, thereby slowing the leakage of money out of the local economy.

Without denying the value of specialization and competitive advantage, the focus of this article is on economic diversity and one measure of economic diversity in particular: the Shannon-Weaver (S-W) Index. The S-W Index is an entropy method that measures the economic diversity of a region against a uniform distribution of employment where the norm is equal employment in all industries. In other words, it is a measure of the extent to which the employment of a region is evenly distributed among its industries. It ranges in value from zero to one, with zero indicating minimum diversity and a value of one indicating maximum diversity. A value of zero (complete specialization) occurs when the economic activity of a region is concentrated in only one industry. A value of one (perfect diversity) occurs when all industries are present in the region, with employment spread equally among them.

The S-W Index has been calculated and displayed by the IMPLAN data and software system for economic impact analysis since their 1999 data set. In IMPLAN, the S-W Index for a region is calculated as follows:

SW.JPG

where Ei is employment in industry i, E is total employment in the region, and N is the number of possible industries. Although the equation is here written with logarithms of base 2, the base of the logarithm used when calculating the S-W Index can be chosen freely, though comparing S-W values across time or place requires that they are all calculated with the same log bases. Shannon and Weaver (1948) discuss logarithm bases 2, 10 and e, and these have since become the most popular bases in applications that use the S-W Index.

The S-W Index can be very useful for graphing trends across time or mapping differences across geographies, such as in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Shannon-Weaver Indices of Continental U.S. Counties, 2014

SWContinentalUSCounties.png

LIMITATIONS OF THE SHANNON-WEAVER INDEX

Keep in mind, however, that the S-W Index does not account for the fact that many of the industries in a region may be closely related and would therefore provide little protection were one of the other closely-related industries to suffer a major decline. For example, a given region would receive the same S-W Index if its 1,000 employees were spread in either of the two hypothetical patterns shown in Table 1. While both cases have 1,000 employees and five industries, with employment spread evenly amongst the five industries, it should be apparent that Case 1 represents a much more diverse economy than Case 2. This subtle difference between the two cases is not reflected in the S-W Index, which would give the same value to both cases. Wagner and Deller (1993) discuss this issue and propose an alternative measure of economic diversity.

Table 1. Two Sample Industry Mixes Resulting in the same S-W Index Values.

Case 1          Case 2 
Industry Employment Industry Employment
Grain farming 250 Automobile manufacturing 250
Petroleum refining 250 Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing 250
Motor vehicle parts manufacturing 250 Motor vehicle body manufacturing 250
Wholesale trade 250 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing 250
Legal services 250 All other transportation equipment manufacturing 250

One might expect that aggregating closely related sectors together (e.g., aggregating all the sectors in Case 2 in Table 1 in a single “Auto industry”) would improve the S-W Index by treating like sectors as a single sector, rather than as distinct sectors. Yet the S-W Index as currently calculated actually increases when the employment data are aggregated into a smaller number of related sectors. This occurs for two reasons: when a region’s employment data are aggregated into fewer sectors, a) there are fewer sectors with zero employment and b) the employment appears to be more evenly spread amongst those aggregated sectors – i.e., the aggregated sector smooths out the variation between the individual industries within the aggregated industry.

Related to this issue of sector aggregation is the issue of comparing S-W indices over time. Because the IMPLAN sectoring scheme changes periodically (in reflection of the BEA’s Benchmark I-O tables, which are released roughly every five years), the number of sectors will change, which will influence the S-W Index calculation, rendering year-to-year comparisons imperfect when comparing across years with different sectoring schemes. One solution is to use the time series version of the IMPLAN data, which currently span from 2001 to 2014 and are all in the 536 sectoring scheme. This time series data set also addresses the issue of consistency pointed out by the State of Hawaii’s Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2008).

While the S-W Index displayed in IMPLAN Pro and IMPLAN Online use Employment as the factor of choice, it is certainly possible to use other factors, such as Employee Compensation, as the factor of choice to give an alternate view and additional insight into the region’s economic diversity. This could be useful if the industries in a given region vary widely in their levels of Employee Compensation, in which case even if employment were perfectly evenly spread amongst all industries, the Employee Compensation would not be.

In the case of bedroom community counties (i.e., counties in which most residents commute to another county to work), a relatively low S-W Index may represent less of a concern since for these counties, it is the economic strength of the county in which its residents work which is of most importance (see the example of Lancaster County, PA below).

Note that IMPLAN currently measures S-W Index based on total employment, which includes both wage and salary workers and proprietors. It may be instructive to investigate the changes in S-W Index when just wage and salary employees are considered. This may be an important factor given the proprietor data are residence based, while wage and salary employment data are place of work based.

DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

In 2016, IMPLAN Group completed the development of a time-series set of IMPLAN data spanning from 2001 to 20141. Keeping in mind the fact that a high S-W Index is not necessarily an explicit goal of a given region nor a guarantee of economic “health” of a region, in this section, we briefly discuss the U.S. states and counties that had the largest changes in S-W Index over this period of time, as well as the states and counties with the current maximum and minimum S-W Indices.

States

Not surprisingly, Washington, D.C. remained the “state” with the lowest S-W Index throughout the time period, and even declined (from 0.65130 to 0.61029). Excluding Washington, D.C., the state with the lowest S-W Index currently is Hawaii at 0.71016, followed by Nevada at 0.71699. Interestingly, Nevada began the period as the state with the lowest S-W Index but also has the distinction of being the state whose S-W Index increased the most over the 14 years.

Massachusetts experienced the largest drop over the time period, ending the period with a S-W Index of 0.74896. While total employment in the state increased by nearly 300,000, the state lost 6 industries. In 2001, the top 15 industries made up 42.4% of total employment, while in 2014 they made up 45.3% of total employment. In terms of employment, the following sectors remained in the top 10 throughout the period: Local government education, Wholesale trade, Hospitals, Full-service restaurants, Real estate, Junior colleges, and Retail food and beverage stores. All other food and drinking places, Local government non-education, State government non-education moved lower down the list, being supplanted by Other financial investment activities, Individual and family services, and Scientific research and development services.

The state with the largest S-W Index is Indiana, with 0.78712, making it one of just three states whose S-W Index is larger than the nation’s, the other two being Ohio and Wisconsin. It is interesting to note the geographic proximity of these three states. It is also interesting to note that these three states do not have the largest number of industries – this distinction belongs to the nation, followed by California and Texas – thus showcasing the role of employment concentrations in the S-W calculations.

State-level economic diversity trended downward over the time period, with the max S-W Index falling from 0.79646 to 0.78712 and the minimum S-W Index holding steady at 0.71, excluding Washington D.C. State level economic diversity also appears to be converging, with the range between the lowest and highest S-W Indices falling from 0.087 to 0.077 (see Figure 2).

Figure 2: State-level Shannon-Weaver Indices, 2001-2014

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Counties

Despite becoming more specialized between 2001 (0.78119) and 2014 (0.76778), Lancaster County, PA had the highest S-W Index in 2014. In 2001, Lancaster County had 372 industries and 283,000 employees, compared to 363 industries and 308,933 employees in 2014. In 2014, the top employer in Lancaster County was Wholesale trade, with 15,824 employees. The next four largest employers (Local government education, Nursing and community care facilities, Full-service restaurants, and Real estate) were all more than half the size of the top employer, a much less steep drop off than in the case of Chattahoochee County, in addition to having more than three times the number of industries.

In 2014, the county with the lowest S-W Index (0.16405) was Chattahoochee County, GA. The largest employer in Chattahoochee County, GA is the Federal Military sector, with just under 18,000 employees. This is intuitive given the presence of Fort Benning in the county. The next highest employer (Scientific research and development services) is a third that size, with just 680 employees. Furthermore, this sector is highly connected to the Federal Military sector, representing the Federal Military sector’s 10th largest non-payroll local expenditure. While this county is very specialized, its S-W Index has increased from 0.13098 in 2001. In 2014, there were a total of 100 industries and 21,614 employees in Chattahoochee County, compared to 87 industries and 18,499 employees in 2001.

Between 2001 and 2014, the county with the largest increase in S-W Index was Glades County, FL, rising from 0.37061 to 0.60431. Interestingly, while Glades County gained 17 industries in this time period, (rising from 103 industries to 120), it lost nearly half of its employee base (falling from 6,086 to 3,247). Thus, in this case the increase in the number industries and the more even distribution of employment across those industries overcame the loss in total employment in terms of S-W Index. As an interesting corollary, Glade County’s population increased in this same time period (rising from 10.750 to 13,635), suggesting that a higher percentage of its residents are either not in the labor market (retirees, for example) or are commuting out of the county to work elsewhere. Indeed, with Philadelphia within an hour’s drive from the center of Lancaster County, it is very likely that a good portion of this county’s residents work in neighboring Philadelphia County.

Between 2001 and 2014, the county with the largest decrease in S-W Index was Martin County, IN, falling from 0.54567 to 0.43685. This is a very interesting case, since both the number of industries and total employment increased in this time frame (rising from 121 to 127 and from 6,677 to 8.381, respectively). Thus, in this case, the less-even distribution of employment across the industries outweighed the increase in the number of industries and the total employment level in the county. Indeed, in both years the top employer was Federal Non-Military, but in 2001 this represented 24 percent of the county’s total employment, while in 2014 this represented 46 percent of the county’s total employment. Much of this employment likely exists to support, among other things, the Naval Surface Warfare Center in the county.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

Due to the limitations of the S-W Index as well as to the fact that there are times and places where a certain degree of specialization is appropriate, the S-W Index should not be used in isolation to claim a particular region’s overall economic health or prospects for future economic growth. Nonetheless, it can serve as a useful tool when considered alongside other metrics, both economic and non-economic.

IMPLAN Data Sources

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INTRODUCTION:

Each year a variety of data sources are compiled to create the IMPLAN datasets. Most of IMPLAN’s Industries are based on definitions put forth by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). For those industries, IMPLAN provides a crosswalk between NAICS codes and IMPLAN Industries.  Among our main data sources are the following:

     CEW: Census of Employment and Wages (Bureau of Labor Statistics – BLS)

     REA: Regional Economic Accounts (Bureau of Economic Analysis – BEA)

     CBP: County Business Patterns (Census Bureau)

     NIPA: National Income and Product Accounts (Bureau of Economic Analysis – BEA)

Construction is an exception to the NAICS bridge to IMPLAN Industries which uses Census Construction Spending data. IMPLAN Industries 50-62 are set aside for different types of construction as defined with Census Structure Type descriptions.

 

BASICS:

Each year a IMPLAN uses thousands of data points from more than 90 sources to create the IMPLAN datasets. This table shows the basics of where IMPLAN gets the raw data. 

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          CEW: Census of Employment and Wages (Bureau of Labor Statistics – BLS)

          REA: Regional Economic Accounts (Bureau of Economic Analysis – BEA)

          CBP: County Business Patterns (Census)

          NIPA: National Income and Product Accounts (Bureau of Economic Analysis – BEA)

The BEA does a great job of outlining where their numbers come from. 

 

DETAILS:

IMPLAN data come from various sources, in a variety of Industry schemes, sometimes with differing definition frameworks, and most with non-disclosures. IMPLAN data is available at the zip code, congressional district, county, metropolitan statistical area, state and national level. IMPLAN constructs a complete database and  adds value to the available data by:

  1. Creating new datasets each year
  2. Providing estimates for non-disclosed data
  3. Providing estimates for non-census years
  4. Providing estimates at a finer geographic scale (i.e., at the local level)
  5. Providing inter-county trade flow data, which allows for Multi-Regional I/O analysis
  6. Reconciliation of multiple data sources
  7. Compiling it together in a consistent format

 

PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS:

Although the U.S. production functions are based on the Benchmark I/O Tables (which are released every 5 years), the U.S. absorption coefficients are forced to sum to new output and value-added totals each year:

  1. We start with the latest BEA Benchmark I/O tables
  2. We derive current industry output, value-added (VA), and final demands
  3. Using the byproducts data and the current industry output, we derive current commodity output
  4. Multiplying the current industry output through the absorption matrix gives us a first approximation of the current USE matrix (i.e., current production functions)
  5. The columns of the current USE matrix are forced to sum to Industry Output – Value Added (columns)
  6. Then the rows of the current USE matrix are force to sum to the Commodity Output – Final Demand control totals (rows). This will be the first time the proportions of the columns change
  7. This is repeated until no further adjustment is needed

Absorption coefficients for a particular industry will also vary across regions because the ratio of Value-Added to Output varies from region to region, which forces the national gross absorption coefficients to adjust (so that Total Absorption coefficient + Value-Added coefficient = 1.0). The assumption is that the local data is correct and the national coefficients need to adjust to fit the local situation. Applying the trade flow assumptions (RPCs) will then further modify the regional absorption coefficients by pulling out the imports (which vary by region).

EMPLOYMENT DATA:

In general, BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data provide the county-level industry structure for the IMPLAN database. The Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns (CBP) data are used to estimate non-disclosed values, while the BEA Regional Economic Accounts (REA) data are used for control totals to incorporate proprietors and non-covered Industries.1

VALUE ADDED DATA:

The calculation of value-added data starts with calculating earnings. The sources of data for earnings are the same as for employment. However, CBP provides employment only, so if a county does not have income disclosed, then state-level income-per-worker ratios are used with the employment estimates to calculate a first estimate. Next, the income estimates are used to disclose the CEW data and the CEW data are used to non-disclosure adjust the BEA’s REA data. The REA data are expanded to separate wage and salary Income from proprietor’s Income. The REA data are then used as final control totals, with the CEW data providing the 6-digit NAICS industry structure.

Other Property Income (OPI) is mostly corporate income and is one of the most difficult items to estimate. The data sources we use are state-level 3-digit NAICs which explains why OPI phenomena tend to occur in ‘clusters’:

  • We use BLS QCEW data to derive wage and salary income, which is at the 6-digit NAICS level. We use that along with the compensation to wage and salary income ratio (which is available by county at 3-digit NAICS rom REA) to derive Employee Compensation (EC).
  • REA’s total income (which is analogous to our Labor Income) includes proprietor income but not property income, so Proprietor Income (PI) is found by subtracting EC from total income by 3-digit NAICs industry.
  • Another set of tables in the BEA includes 3-digit NAICS state GDP data. GDP includes proprietor income and property income – together they are Gross Operating Surplus (GOS) – so OPI for 3-digit NAICS is derived by subtracting proprietor income from GOS. These 3-digit control values are distributed to the detailed industries based on the Benchmark I/O characteristics for property income. From one year to the next, it is possible for the sign to flip. This is also true for proprietor income.

OUTPUT DATA:

For IMPLAN, total industry output (TIO) is the value of annual calendar year production. It can be measured as the total value of purchases by intermediate and final consumers or as intermediate outlay plus value added. Most output data is from the BEA’s Annual Industry Accounts and the Annual Survey of Manufacturers. Retail data come from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Annual Census of Retail Trade. Other Industry use information from other various surveys and censuses.

 

INSTITUTIONS:

HOUSEHOLDS:

National household Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) are estimated using the BEA Benchmark I/O-to-PCE bridge tables and current NIPA PCE data. National PCE are distributed to states and counties based on the number of households and household income for each of the nine income categories. The spending patterns for each of the nine household income categories are based on the BLS Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES).

GOVERNMENT: 

Federal Sales and expenditures data are estimated using NIPA control totals and the Benchmark I/O distribution, with the exception of the timber sales data, which are from the U.S. Forrest Service. Data for State and Local Government sales are obtained from the current Annual Survey of Governments, while State and Local Government expenditures are estimated using NIPA control totals and the Benchmark I-O distribution.

INVENTORY:

For manufacturing, the Annual Survey of Manufacturers provides the inventory data. Other Industries are derived from Benchmark I/O ratios.

IMPORTS/EXPORTS:

For the U.S., data for the foreign trade of commodities come from the Department of Commerce import and export trade data, which includes a concordance that maps the data to NAICS. Service trade is based on the BEA Benchmark I/O tables and controlled to current NIPA values. For sub-national regions, foreign imports are assumed to make up the same proportion of the region’s demand as for the U.S. Similarly, foreign exports are assumed to make up the same proportion of the region’s supply as for the U.S. For example, if the U.S. satisfies 80% of its sugar demands with foreign imports, then each state and county will also satisfy 80% of their sugar demands with foreign imports.

After foreign trade has been removed, the trade flow or econometric model is used to determine domestic trade. Domestic export is a residual – after multiplying a region’s RPC for a commodity by the region’s total demand for that commodity, we subtract this number from the region’s total supply of the good. Any residual is presumed to have been shipped to the rest of the U.S.

CAPITAL:

We use current-year NIPA investment data by aggregated industry making the investment goods and allocate that to more detailed industries according to the latest Benchmark I/O tables.

Personal Consumption Expenditures

NIPA PCE Data

  • Annual and current
  • National level
  • Only one spending pattern, (i.e., not separated by income class)
  • The NIPA table has 100 or so expenditure categories. The BEA benchmark I/O tables are used to distribute these expenditure categories among the IMPLAN Industries
  • The PCE data are in purchaser prices, so margining and re-sectoring are necessary to obtain producer prices for use in IMPLAN

Census Bureau CES Data

  • Annual but lagged
  • National level
  • Gives us the expenditures by income class; we control these to the NIPA PCE totals

Data accessible for editing (IMPLAN Pro)

  • All study area industry variables for each industry (e.g., VA, output, employment)
  • All study area final demands by commodity purchased
  • All study area institution-to-institution transfer payments
  • All trade flow assumptions (regional purchase coefficients)
  • All industry production functions (absorption matrix)
  • All industry production (by-products matrix)
  • Built-in price indices and margins
  • All trade flow assumptions (regional purchase coefficients)
  • lndustry production functions (absorption matrix)
  • Built-in margins

 

RELATED ARTICLES: 

2017 Detailed Production Functions for IMPLAN’s Nine Electrical Power Industries

BEA Benchmark & The New 546 Industry Scheme

Data Sets Used to Create IMPLAN Employment Data

How Commuter Employee Compensation is Estimated

Data Components

Industry Production Functions in IMPLAN

 

OTHER RESOURCES:

Where do those numbers come from?

 

1. Since these data capture only covered employees, the data set does not include self-employed persons, railway employment, religious organizations, military, elected officials, or any other establishments that have their own social insurance program and/or do not pay into the Unemployment Insurance program. Since much farm employment is self-employment, CEW data has especially sparse coverage of farms. More information about estimating employment for these Industries can be found here.