INTRODUCTION:

Analysis-by-Parts (ABP) is a technique by which you can split the “stemming ripple effects” of an event into its individual impact components – in this case if you have spending by line item and income. Separating the pieces with Analysis-by-Parts gives the researcher more flexibility and customization capabilities in the analysis. 

DETAILED INFORMATION:

To perform an Analysis-by-Parts using a bill of goods approach, you will want to know Direct Labor Income and the budget details.  Many times, you may be given the budget by the client that outlines their total spending along different businesses or products. This information can be directly translated into Events in IMPLAN.  

STEP 1 – EXPENDITURES

In the bill of goods approach, the researcher is presented with a budget.  This will either contain a list of companies from which the institution or industry purchases things (industries) or a list of the items that it purchases (commodities).  The researcher will need to first determine if they will be modeling Commodities or Industries.

• A Commodity is a product or service that may be produced by one or by many industries.
• An Industry represents a group of establishments engaged in the same or similar types of economic activity.

Next, choose the Specification that best matches each line item of purchase either by IMPLAN Sector code or IMPLAN Commodity code.

Enter each line of spending as either a Commodity Output Event or an Industry Output Event.  There will be many different Event lines in the model.

• Remember to apply Margins  as necessary
  • When you have expenditure data by Industry, retail/wholesale purchases can only be modeled via the retail or wholesale Sectors. Only retail/wholesale industries can be margined.  If the expenditure value is a full retail sales value, you can leave the Margin default setting of “Total Revenue,” which will apply margins to the expenditure value. The estimated retail margin will then get applied to the retail Multipliers. The wholesale and transportation margins, as well as the production value will be leaked out of the model.
  • When you have expenditure data by Commodity and the expenditure value is the retail sales value of the Commodity, margins should be applied. Again, in this case you can leave the Margin default setting of “Total Revenue,” which will apply margins to the expenditure value. For Commodities, marginning will estimate not only the retail margin, but also the wholesale and transportation margins, along with the production value. Here, nothing will be leaked out of the model except for any Commodity Supply that will come from Institutional Sales or Inventory.
  • Changing the Margin selection to “Marginal Revenue” indicates you are entering the producer price, the producer being indicated by the Specification on the Event. For Commodities and Industries that are not marginable “Marginal Revenue” will be the only option.

If you need to make adjustments to IMPLAN’s margins, learn more about Manually Margining.

• Also remember to appropriately specify the portion of the purchase that is coming from local production
  • Adjust Local Purchase Percentage (LPP) for Commodity Output Events as necessary. If we know the Commodity will be produced in the Region we will leave the Local Purchase Percentage at 100%. If we don’t know where the purchase was produced (which is often the case), setting Local Purchase Percentage to SAM is most appropriate. You can also enter your own known percentage for the portion of the purchase that will be local. 
  • For purchases by Industry, only purchases from local businesses should be modeled and included in the Industry Output Event Values.  

For example, let’s say a small dog treat bakery is opening up in North Carolina.  We know what items they will purchase (commodities) to operate their store.  

1. Since the purchased Commodities are known, each purchased Commodity will be entered as a Commodity Output Event.
2. For each of these items, we will find the appropriate Commodity code.  Peanut butter is commodity code 3099 – Roasted nuts and peanut butter manufacturing, as an example.  Repeat this step for each of the Commodities that will be purchased.  
3. All of the bakery’s retail purchases should have margins applied by leaving the selection of “Total Revenue.” Since the place of production would likely be unknown, LPP should be set to SAM. Other purchases, such as local utility payments would have the selection of “Marginal Revenue” because the amount the bakery pays for these Commodities is a Producer Price. For payments to utility providers in the Region, LPP should be left at 100%.

A more simple alternative approach, as opposed to modeling each Intermediate Expenditure, is to run the total Intermediate Expenditures value through the Industry Spending Pattern that best reflects the industry you are modeling. For this approach, follow the instructions for Analysis-by-Parts: Using an Industry Spending Pattern Event with Labor Income Event(s).

STEP 2 – LABOR INCOME

Next, a Labor Income Event must be created either for Employee Compensation (EC), Proprietor Income (PI), or both.

In our example, the bakery will be run by the owner (proprietor) who will receive $75,000 in labor income and one additional employee that will receive $55,000.  A Labor Income Event will be created for each: $75,000 for Proprietor Income and $55,000 for Employee Compensation.  

Remember, these should be fully loaded payroll values which include wage and salary, all benefits (e.g., health, retirement) and payroll taxes (both sides of social security, unemployment taxes, etc.).  

If you need to convert your wage and salary data to fully loaded payroll, please use the 536 FTE & EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION CONVERSION TABLE.

STEP 3 – RUN THE IMPACT

Now either use the button at the top to select all or highlight each Event and drag them into your Group.  Next, hit run.

STEP 4 – INTERPRET THE RESULTS

When your analysis is complete, the results will show you the economic impact of all of the Events you entered which will include the Commodity or Industry Events  and the Labor Income Event(s).

In our Dog Bakery example, this investment has an economic impact of almost 21 jobs, $840,500 in Labor Income, $1.4 million in Value Added, and $3.1 million in Output.

• The Direct and Indirect Effects are from the Commodity/Industry Events only and represent employment in the local industries directly affected (via a purchase from within the Direct business’s supply chain, in this example, the dog treat bakery).
• The Labor Income events only create Induced Effects.

If you want to look at the results by Event, remember to use the FILTERS button and select which of the Events you would like displayed.

STEP 5 –  MODIFYING RESULTS

Because your Direct Effects are from the Commodity/Industry Events, which only reflect the purchases made by the true Direct business, the Results should be modified. Your Direct Effects are actually Indirect Effects. 

• Subtract you Direct Effect from your Direct Effect so the Direct Effects become all zeros. 
• Add these Direct Effects to the existing Indirect Effects to generate a new Indirect Effect.
• Define your Direct Effect:
  • Direct Labor Income = total Labor Income. You should use the values run through the Labor Income Event(s) from Step 2.
  • Direct Value Added = Direct Labor Income + Tax on Production and Imports + Other Property Income
    • This can also be derived from the Output equation in the model:
      • If you have Output, you can use the equation Value Added = Output – Intermediate Expenditures (the sum of your expenditures)
      • If you only have sum of expenditures and Direct Labor Income, you’ll need to find out how these values relate to Value Added in the Output equation for the Sector that best represents the Direct Industry, in Region Details > Social Accounts > Balance Sheets > Industry Balance Sheets
        • Using the Value Added Tab, Value Added can be calculated as (Labor Income/Labor Income Coefficient) * Value Added Coefficient.  The Labor Income Coefficient being a sum of EC and PI Coefficients. 
        • Value Added could also be calculated using the Commodity Demand tab, Gross Absorption column total and Value Added Coefficient as (sum of expenditures)/Gross Absorption Coefficient * Value Added Coefficient 
        • Note that if these two approaches produce different results it is because your sum of expenditures and Labor Income values don’t follow the same ratio to one another as the Output Equation suggests and some assumptions about how your Output Equation differs will need to be addressed. 
  • Direct Output = Sum of all expenditures (Intermediate Expenditures) + Direct Value Added
  • Direct Employment = known Direct Employment, in this example, we already know there are only 2 Employees. If Employment is unknown, you can calculate it on your own by dividing Direct Output by Output-per-worker for the Sector that best represents the Direct Industry. Output-per-worker can be found by Sector in Region Details > Study Area Data > Industry Summary. 

RELATED TOPICS:

ABP: Introduction to Analysis-By-Parts

ABP: Analysis-by-Parts Using an Industry Spending Pattern Event with Labor Income Event(s)

ABP: Analysis-by-Parts with Manually Margining Bill of Goods

Hospitals: Modeling Private Hospital Impacts with Analysis-by-Parts

Hospitals: Modeling Public & Nonprofit Hospital Impacts with Analysis-by-Parts

Proving Analysis-By-Parts: A Comparison of Event Types

INTRODUCTION:

Multipliers are the total production impact within the Study Area for every unit of direct production. Total production will vary depending on the method of inclusion (whether the Induced Effects are included or not). There are four (4) Multiplier View By Options: Output, Employment, Labor Income, and Value Added.  Value Added can be further split into Employee Compensation, Proprietor Income, Other Property Income, and Tax on Production and Imports.

The calculations or method of inclusion used to create Type I and Type SAM Multipliers are shown below:

     Type I Multiplier = (Direct Effect + Indirect Effect) / (Direct Effect)

     Type SAM Multiplier = (Direct Effect + Indirect Effect + Induced Effect) / (Direct Effect)

SUMMARY MULTIPLIERS:

Output shows the Multipliers used to generate Output effects
Employment provides Employment Multipliers per million dollars of Output
Labor Income displays Labor Income Multipliers per million dollars of Labor Income
Value Added shows the summed Multipliers for all Value Added types per million dollars of Value Added
Employee Compensation shows the Multipliers used to create Employee Compensation portion of Labor Income impacts
Proprietor Income displays Proprietor Income Multipliers for calculating the Proprietor Income portion of Labor Income
Other Property Income provides Multipliers for calculating OPI taxes
Tax On Production and Imports provides Multipliers for calculating TOPI taxes

DETAIL MULTIPLIERS:

The Detail Multiplier view breaks down each Multiplier by: Type I, Induced, and Type SAM for each view by: Output, Employment, Labor Income, and Value Added as they are applied to Industry x Industry Input/Output transactions. Select an Industry Sector from the drop down menu to see updated total values for Type I, Induced, and Type SAM Multipliers for the selected industry. 

     Type I Multiplier = (Direct Effect + Indirect Effect) / (Direct Effect)

     Type SAM Multiplier = (Direct Effect + Indirect Effect + Induced Effect) / (Direct Effect)

     Induced Multiplier = Type SAM Multiplier – Type I Multiplier

In the Regions Multipliers Detail, the default Industry or Commodity is always Oilseeds.  In order to see the Industry or Commodity of interest, click the Filter button and choose the appropriate Sector.  Click Run to have the model filter for that Sector.

Output shows the Multipliers used to generate Output effects
Employment provides Employment Multipliers per million dollars of Output
Labor Income displays Labor Income Multipliers per million dollars of Labor Income
Value Added shows the summed Multipliers for all Value Added types per million dollars of Value Added
Employee Compensation shows the Multipliers used to create Employee Compensation portion of Labor Income impacts
Proprietor Income displays Proprietor Income Multipliers for calculating the Proprietor Income portion of Labor Income
Other Property Income provides Multipliers for calculating OPI taxes
Tax On Production and Imports provides Multipliers for calculating TOPI taxes

SORTING:

The title bar displayed across the top of each Study Area View By contains buttons that can change the viewing attributes of the table. The bar shown is for Output Multipliers.

Most column titles act as sorting buttons. Initially most views are sorted by Sector code in ascending value (first row is 0 last row is 546). To change the way all fields in the table are arranged, click on the title of the desired column. All data in the table will be sorted in descending order (highest values listed at the top of the table) relative to the column title. To change how the data is sorted, click on another field. When the view has been sorted by a column other than Industry Code, the selected column title will appear with an arrow to its right indicating that the table has been sorted by this column header.

DOWNLOADING:

The export function allows data to be exported directly to a PDF or CSV file by clicking on the gear icon.

REPORTS:

Institution Industry Demand shows the distribution of each Industry’s production to Institutions, Capital, Inventory, and Exports from Study Area Industries.

Household Industry Demand divides the total Household’s consumption, provided in Institution Industry Demand, into the 9 Household income classes.

Government Industry Demand expands the government consumption into the three Federal and three State and Local government types.

Industry Output/Outlay Summary shows total Industry expenditures and receipts. Purchases are detailed by Industry (Intermediate Outlay), Institution, Imports, and Value Added, while receipts are broken into Intermediate Output and Final Demand.

IxI SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX:

Aggregate IxI SAM (rows and columns are aggregated) provides an overview of the entire IxI Social Accounting Matrix. Categories in both rows and columns show totals for all types of monetary transactions.

Detail IxI SAM columns remain aggregated; however, rows are presented with Industry, Value Added, Institutions, and trade transactions divided additionally by transaction types. 

SORTING:

The title bar displayed across the top of each Study Area View By contains buttons that can change the viewing attributes of the table. The bar shown is for Institution Industry Demand.

Most column titles act as sorting buttons. Initially most views are sorted by Sector code in ascending value (first row is 0 last row is 546). To change the way all fields in the table are arranged, click on the title of the desired column. All data in the table will be sorted in descending order (highest values listed at the top of the table) relative to the column title. To change how the data is sorted, click on another field. When the view has been sorted by a column other than Industry Code, the selected column title will appear with an arrow to its right indicating that the table has been sorted by this column header.

DOWNLOADING:

The export function allows data to be exported directly to a PDF or CSV file by clicking on the gear icon.